Opening: PHONES AWAY HOMEWORK IN BIN Perform the Opening Activator/Sponge Activity

Vocabulary: Handouts Given Weekly. Word Bank Available on Blog Weekly. This Week’s Vocab Quiz: Monday, Jan 23rd Vocab Work Due On Day of Quiz

LQ: How does historical context affect a work? What Am I Going to Do Today: 1)Notes on Crucible 2)Begin Act 1 What will I do to Show My Learning: Quick Quiz, Questions from Act 1

Terms of the Day: Theme Theocracy Puritan Red Scare Hysteria Dramatic Irony Situational Irony Verbal Irony

The Crucible Part I: Overview

Part I: Overview American play Written in the 1950s Playwright: Arthur Miller Focuses on residents of Salem, Massachusetts Issues: greed, guilt, motivation, morality We will focus on each of these bullets as we go through the slideshow

The Appeals of Communism America’s Great Depression left people upset about the American government Everyone deserves basics (food, clothing) Communism offers that promise 1939: 50,000 Americans were members of the Communist party.

America vs. The Soviet Union America was emerging as a world power, but: The Soviet Union was its main competition And: The Soviet Union was Communist America and The Soviet Union competed against each other for world power in: Space travel Nuclear weapon development In effect, government style

Communism came to be seen as “evil” 1950: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg arrested Charged with supplying atomic bomb secrets to the Soviet Union Soviet Union developed the atomic bomb (from the secrets provided) Communism became the opposite of everything America represented!

Fabulous 50s? Segregation in the South… Women had been forced to leave the workforce when men returned from WWII, and many weren’t happy just being housewives. Young people didn’t agree with their parents’ views on sex, fun, cars, everything.

Enter: Joseph McCarthy and the HUAC

HUAC HUAC: House Committee of Un-American Activities This committee questioned Americans who were suspected of being Communists They summoned thousands of people to testify Goal: to get as many names of “Communists” as possible

Who Was Suspected of Being a Communist? Filmmakers, directors, actors were accused of attending communist meetings Certain politicians were also targeted.

Options These people had two options: Admit to being a Communist and tell McCarthy names of other people who attended Communist meetings OR Refuse to admit anything (or rat out others) and be blacklisted as a Communist. Can’t get work if blacklisted!

The Effects of Hysteria:

Hysteria Unreasonable Fear Based on Emotion Rather than Fact. Mass Hysteria- Group of people reacting in unreasonable way to an imagined fear.

Arthur Miller was a writer… He remembered a story he had heard and started doing research…

Overview: Salem, Massachusetts Located on the coast of Massachusetts Settled mainly by Puritans in 1626 A group of people who left England so they could practice religious freedom Often let their religious beliefs guide their daily lives Most known for the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 Nickname: “The Witch City” Witch museums, etc. as tourism industry

Puritans arriving in Massachusetts

Puritans Fun is sketchy. Maybe sinful. Your job in life is to know God and be “right” with God. How do you know? Success! If you don’t succeed, maybe you are not right with God.

If you Succeed in life.. You MUST be right with God. What if you do not? Must have displeased God! But you are a good Puritan? So whose fault is it? SATAN! People who Work with Satan! Witches!

Theocracy Government BY a religion or religious group. Puritans believed in everyone’s freedom to be a Puritan. NOT freedom of religion. The state was RUN by the church. The Church IS the government. Not attending Church or being a good enough Puritan could land you in jail.

Puritan “Plain” Style Metaphors without fancy adjectives. Simple subjects: Love, God, etc. Remember: Puritans-Obsessed with God, right behavior, salvation.

Salem Witch Trials Occurred from June through September of 1692 in Salem Puritan group of people was involved Townspeople were in a state of hysteria about witches/evil Look at your notes from yesterday to remind yourself what a Puritan is.

The Facts Young girl named Betty Parris became ill Fever, extreme pain, running around the house More children in Salem became ill Ann Putnam, Mercy Lewis, Mary Walcott Doctors were called in to find the reason for this sickness

But… Doctors couldn’t explain illness, so they defaulted to “witchcraft” Townspeople were easily convinced A servant in town was suspected of witchcraft Townspeople decided to arrest the servant, Tituba, and an older woman for witchcraft

The accused had two options.. Confess to being a witch, be forgiven, and give the Judge names of other witches. OR Refuse to admit anything (or rat out others) and be hanged as a witch.

The Casualties Nineteen men and women were put to death for witchcraft. One man, Giles Corey, was also pressed to death.

Why did this happen? People were suspicious/fearful A book about witchcraft had just been published by Cotton Mather People were at war with Native Americans Death/evil were on the mind of many (because of fighting and disease) Puritan culture easily accepted the devil as the source of evil/wrong in life Students respond to the question on their guided notes: What is the benefit of blaming something/someone like the devil (or even God)? What is the problem with this?

Other Explanations Teenagers in town were bored and got carried away Dancing, flirting, etc. not allowed at all! All of the accusers were teenage girls Some of the accusers were jealous people An easy way to get rid of people they didn’t like! General sense of depression in town Not a lot of wealth/happiness/freedom Respond to question: Which of these explanations is the most believable to you? Why?

Arthur Miller was stunned. This was JUST LIKE HIS REAL LIFE. Witch = Communist. Fear of Communist=Fear of Witches. People behind it are jealous/want power=People behind it want power/are jealous. Hysteria=Hysteria People were unhappy/repressed=People were unhappy/repressed.

“The Crucible” and Communism Allegory: work of literature that tells one story on the surface while referring to another sub textually Comparing the play to the Red Scare Can you see how these historical events are similar to those of the Salem Witch Trials?

As you read.. Look for ways that people jump to conclusions.. Look for ways that “witch” stands in for other issues.. Look for hysteria, greed, lust, fear and imagine this is happening in the present...because it just did… http://live.wsj.com/video/congress-holds-islamic-radicalization-hearings/0AE3BB0E-1A8F-4F5D-8749-954CD63BB666.html#!0AE3BB0E-1A8F-4F5D-8749-954CD63BB666

Irony 3 Basic Types: Dramatic: Audience knows something the characters do not. Verbal: A character’s words do not match reality or mean the opposite of what is said. Situational: The situation which occurs is different from what is expected. Create a chart for Irony.

Name That Example: 1) In The Crucible, a character says “I have no power!,” responding to an accusation of the power of witchcraft. But she DOES have power, the power to stop the trial by telling the truth. Which type of irony is this?

Name That Example? 2) In Richard III by Shakespeare, Richard tells the audience that he is a villain, wishes to ruin his family and take control of the country. In the next few scenes Richard’s family members thank Richard for being such a loyal and loving relative. Which type of irony is this?

Name That Example: 3)In “The Importance of Being Earnest,” Jack tells Gwen that his name is “Earnest” because she says she has always wanted to love a man named Earnest. At the end of the play he finds out that he was adopted as a baby and that his birth name really is Earnest. Which type of irony is this?

Quick Quiz: 1)List the three types of irony and their defintions. 2) What was the Red Scare/McCarthyism? 3)How did Arthur Miller see parallels between the Puritans and his own life?

Take a Role: Write Your Name Next to the Role You Want

Red Yellow Green I understand how the Red Scare and Macarthyism affected Arthur Miller’s The Crucible. I also understand the three types of irony.

Part III: Historical Context The Crucible Part III: Historical Context