Photosynthesis Review Definition: process to convert light energy to chemical energy (glucose) that will be used to fuel the organism’s life processes Equation:

Plant Characteristics Multicellular Eukaryote Photosynthetic Roots (to anchor & absorb)

Plant Classification Characterized by tissue - Vascular or Nonvascular

Vascular Tissue Has transport tissues called xylem & phloem. Grows larger than nonvascular plants Divided into two categories: Seedless Vascular Vascular Seed

Seedless Vascular Usually contain spores If no spores present, then needs water for reproduction Examples: Ferns Horsetails Club Mosses

Club Mosses - Epiphytes Epiphyte: Plant that lives anchored to another plant (not parasitic)

Vascular Seed Uses seeds as mechanism for reproduction  No longer dependent on water for reproduction Examples Gymnosperm Angiosperm

Seeds Seed Categories: divided by seed leaves called cotyledons One seed leaf – monocot Two seed leaves – dicot Adaptations for dispersal Ex) Spikes – cling to fur Ex) Wings – catch the wind

Monocot vs Dicot

Seed Adaptations for Dispersal

Gymnosperm Characteristics “Naked Seeds” Do not produce flowers or fruit Usually use cones for reproduction Adaptation for land: needle- like leaves to reduce water loss

Gymnosperm Examples Conifers (cone bearing plants) Cycads Gingkoes Gnetophytes

Angiosperm Characteristics Flowering Plants Produce Fruit Make up 75% of the Plant Kingdom

Angiosperm Lifespan Annual – one growing season Biennial – 2 years Perennial – several years