bellringer Please turn in the notes you took over the virtual investigation we did on Monday (Cell and Cell Structure App). Even if you didn’t finish, turn in what you have completed. Grab cell vocabulary and cell and cell theory notes from the front table.

Learning Targets Explain the 3 main ideas of the cell theory. Explain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Explain how cells are organized into larger tissues, organs, organ systems.

The Cell Theory

 Robert Hooke (1665) English scientist. Developed the first compound microscope.

 Robert Hooke In 1665, he used his microscope to look at cork cells. Hooke coined the term “cell” What he saw under the microscope reminded him of the living quarters of the monks (cells).

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674)  Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674) Dutch curtain maker who ground lenses as a hobby. Improved and perfected the microscope. The first to observe living cells (blood cells and bacteria from his teeth.)

 Mathias Schleiden (1837) German Botanist Observed that all plants are made up of cells.

 Theodor Schwann (1837) German Zoologist Observed that all animals are made up of cells.

 Rudolf Virchow (1858) German Doctor The first to observe living cells reproduce. Deduced that animal cells come only from animals, plant cells come only from plants.

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cell theory scientists  cell theory scientists Cell Theory Video

 The Cell Theory The observations of these scientists led to the cell theory. The modern cell theory has 6 parts: Traditional (Main): Cells are the basic units of life All living things are made of one or more cells. All cells come from preexisting cells. Additional energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells; cells contain hereditary information (DNA) that is passed from cell to cell during cell division; and all cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms of similar species .

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 Organization of Life Organisms can be single-celled or multicellular. Multicellular organisms are organized into complex structures. Multicellular organisms have specialized cells to perform a single function. Ex. Red blood cells carry oxygen; muscle cells provide movement.

 Molecules COMBINE TO FORM

 Cells COMBINE TO FORM Red blood cells

 Tissues COMBINE TO FORM Cardiac muscle

 Organs COMBINE TO FORM Heart

 Systems COMBINE TO FORM Circulatory System

 Organisms COMBINE TO FORM

 Ecosystems

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 What limits cell size? As a cell increases in size, its volume increases faster than its surface area A cell must be able to fill its volume with nutrients and empty its volume of wastes If a cell grows too large, it will not be able to take in enough food, or get rid of wastes fast enough to survive!

Another Way To Look At It: Each tiny cube (cell) is better able to exchange nutrients and wastes than the big cube

Another Way To Look At It: Talk it over Which cell would be better at exchanging gases (such as oxygen and carbon dioxide) the red blood cell or the white blood cell and why?

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Types of Cells Prokaryotic cells – primitive cells that have little internal structure. Eukaryotic cells – evolved from prokaryotic cells and contain numerous internal structures. Organelles – structures in the cell responsible for carrying out specific functions. “cell organs” 

 Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any membrane bound organelles. They are always single-celled organisms. Ex. Bacteria Very simple structure – cell wall and membrane surrounding cytoplasm. Divide by binary fission

 Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Can be single-celled or multicellular organisms. Ex. Algae (single), plants (multi), animals Divide by mitosis Structure divided into 3 areas: NUCLEUS, CYTOPLASM, AND CELL MEMBRANE. Eukaryotic cells have numerous organelles

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