Chapter 13 Review & Wrap-up

What is selective breeding used for? To produce organisms with desired traits.

Why is it that inbreed individuals usually suffer from uncommon diseases/traits. Two related individuals have very similar DNA, if one has a recessive trait the other is likely to as well. This often raises the chance of offspring becoming homozygous recessive.

If we are unsure of an individuals genotype…how can we determine it? Test cross (crossing unknown genotype individual with that of a known)

What is the usual genotype of the known individual and why? Homozygous recessive, the phenotype matches the genotype.

What is the purpose of genetic engineering? It is a faster and more reliable way to increase the frequency(number) of desired traits in a population.

Organisms that contain working recombinant DNA are called this. Transgenic organisms

List the steps used to create recombinant DNA. -Isolate foreign DNA fragments to be inserted (uses restriction enzymes) -Attach DNA to a “vehicle” (vector) -Transfer DNA and vector into host organism

What is a clone? Genetically identical copies

Give an example of a natural clone that occurs in nature. Identical twins

List several ways in which DNA technology is being applied to society. Industry break down pollutants created as a bi-product extract valuable minerals from ores Medicine produce insulin, hGH, artificial sweetners Agriculture disease resistant plants larger animals nitrogen fixating bacteria (produce fertilizers)

What is the human genome project? Effort to map and sequence the human genome.

What is a linkage map? Map that shows the location of genes on a chromosome.

How can we apply the knowledge obtained through the human genome project? Earlier detection of genetic disorders Gene therapy – replacing normal genes into human cells to correct genetic disorders DNA fingerprinting