Taxes were a _____________________________on peasants The NARA Empire 7.29 – Trace the Emergence of the Japanese nation during the Nara and the Heian Periods. NARA The economy began to grow due to the _______ that were built. This was great for trading and ____________________________! Taxes were a _____________________________on peasants In the Nara period, most peasants could not purchase their own land The problem for the government, imperial family, nobles, and temples was to find ______________ to work their ___________________landholdings. From the Nara period until the nineteenth century, most ___________________and _______________________as well as most of the histories, essays, and religious texts in Japan were written in __________________. Early Japanese Traditions Early Japanese society divided into _________ family groups that trace their origins to a common ancestor ____________clan will gain control around 500 CE Yamato set up__________________________________ Other clans had to give their ______________to the Yamato chief. Claimed descent from the Sun Goddess, ________________and the rising sun became the Yamato symbol Legend-___________ was the great-grandson of this Goddess and he took the title of “______________________” and became the ___________________of Japan Prince Shotoku Yamato prince __________________ruled Japan on behalf of his aunt. Wanted a strong, well-organized government, so he created a ______________________(a plan of government) _________________________will be very influential in spreading _____________________________and _____________________ Sent missions to __________________to gather knowledge of Chinese ways Shotoku’s Reforms _________________________________________ Made Emperor an all-powerful ruler __________________________________________ A famous _______________________, who ruled from 593-622 AD. Regent: Someone who ruled in place of _________________. He was impressed by Chinese culture 17 Article Constitution- guidelines for Japanese rulers based on ______________________________________________________. He also opened the world’s first embassy. ______________: an office of government in another country. He also promoted Buddhism across Japan NARA PERIOD New Capital: Chinese influence: Hierarchy: Beginning of feudalism: Ch.3 Lesson 1

Japanese Nobles Create Great Art The Heian Empire 7.29 – Trace the Emergence of the Japanese nation during the Nara and the Heian Periods. Japanese Nobles Create Great Art The nobles who followed Japan’s emperor to___________ (now called Kyoto) wanted to win his favor by living close to him. In Heian, these nobles created an ________________. Why was it important for nobles to have the favor of the emperor? Nobles and Common People had ______________ to do with each other. Nobles _________________ left the city. They loved__________________________________. Because of this love, the court at Heian became a great center of __________________________________________________________________. Japanese Literature Japanese nobles took great care with how they spoke and wrote. ___________ was very popular among nobles. Many ________________ wrote diaries and journals about their lives at court. In their diaries, the women did everything they could to make their writing _________. Men wrote in ____________. Women wrote in ____________________. Why do you think there was there this difference? Both men and women wrote poetry, but women wrote more ___________. Most poems were Wakas and following a specific structure. They were usually about ____________________________. For example, here is a poem written by a famous Heian-period woman, Ono no Komachi: The flowers withered, (5)
 Their color faded away, (7)
 While meaninglessly (5)
 I spent my days in the world (7)
 And the long rains were falling. (7) Japanese Fashion The Heian nobles had magnificent wardrobes with ________ robes and _________ jewelry. They loved ____________________ outfits. Women wore long gowns made of _________________ of colored silk cleverly cut and folded to show off many layers at once. Why was fashion so important? Do you think fashion is still a bid deal in modern Japanese society? Ch.3 Lesson 1 Visual Art The most popular art forms of the period were… ______________________________________________________

DO NOW—Answer: Based on this picture and caption, what assumption can you make about Japanese life in the Nara period? Explain your answer. That’s over 49 feet high

Knowledge check! 1. How would you describe Shintoism? 2. How would you describe the teachings of Buddha?

Japan Lesson I can trace the emergence of the Japanese nation during the Heian period. SPI 7.29 Trace the emergence of the Japanese nation during the Nara, 710-794, and the Heian periods, 794-1180.

Learning Target I can trace and evaluate the Heian and the Nara time periods of Japan. I know I have it when I can debate which time period was the greatest and why.

Early Japanese Traditions Early Japanese society divided into clans- family groups that trace their origins to a common ancestor Yamato clan will gain control around 500 CE Yamato set up Japan’s first and only dynasty Other clans had to give their loyalty to the Yamato chief. Claimed descent from the Sun Goddess, Amaterasu and the rising sun became the Yamato symbol Legend-Jimmu was the great-grandson of this Goddess and he took the title of “emperor of heaven” and became the 1st emperor of Japan

Early Japanese Traditions Yamato prince Shotoku ruled Japan on behalf of his aunt. Wanted a strong, well-organized government, so he created a Constitution (a plan of government) Prince Shotoku will be very influential in spreading Chinese culture and Buddhism Sent missions to Tang China to gather knowledge of Chinese ways Shotoku’s Reforms Created a Constitution Made Emperor an all-powerful ruler Modeled government on that of China’s

Prince Shotoku A famous regent, who ruled from 593-622 AD. Regent: Someone who ruled in place of someone else. He was impressed by Chinese culture 17 Article Constitution- guidelines for Japanese rulers based on Confucian Principles He also opened the world’s first embassy. Embassy: an office of government in another country. He also promoted Buddhism across Japan

When was the Nara Period? When was the Heian Period?

Nara Almost 100 years after the death of Prince Shotoku, the capital of Japan was set up in Nara. A Buddhist monk named Dokyo tried to use other monks to gain power. Dokyo was also the chaplain to the empress of the time. He used her to further his ambitions.

Nara Period (710-794) Nara period in Japanese history was a period in which the imperial government was located in Nara, Japan. There is still a city named Nara in Japan today. Buddhism was most highly developed in Nara. Nara artisans made refined Buddhist sculptures and erected grand Buddhist temples.

Nara economy The economy began to grow due to the roads that were built. This was great for trading and transportation!

Nara Government Until the eighth century, the capital usually moved each time an emperor died. Then, in 710, a new capital, intended to be permanent, was established at Nara. But then, it moved again—some say to escape the meddling in politics of powerful Buddhist temples. http://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/hip/us/hip_us_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0136005241.pdf

NARA People, Land, and Taxes Taxes were a heavy burden on peasants In the Nara period, most peasants could not purchase their own land The problem for the government, imperial family, nobles, and temples was to find labor to work their extensive landholdings. http://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/hip/us/hip_us_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0136005241.pdf

Education in Nara From the Nara period until the nineteenth century, most philosophical and legal writings as well as most of the histories, essays, and religious texts in Japan were written in Chinese.

THE NARA PERIOD (710-794) New Capital: A.D. 700s the Emperors built a new capital city at Nara Chinese influence: Buddhist and Shinto shrines and Chinese style homes Hierarchy: Officials ranked by hierarchy by social status (powerful families in government positions) No civil service exam Beginning of feudalism: Government officials given land for services Emperor controls the land making him very powerful Buddhism reaches Japan from Korea (CULTURAL DIFFUSION!)

Summary #1 Think, Share, Ink Why did the dynasty move itself from Nara to Heian?

Heian Period 794-1185 Last division of classical Japanese history! There used to be a city named Heian (now Kyoto) when the emperor moved there. Buddhism was at its height! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiwhI1OuoWo

Heian Period Capital moved to Heian (now named Kyoto) to put distance between imperial family and the clans that admired Dokyo in Nara. Japanese began to distance themselves from Chinese influence and alter calligraphy and Buddhism to reflect Japanese culture. The Fujiwara family managed to control the political scene of the Heian period over several centuries through strategic intermarriages with imperial family AND occupying all the important political offices in Kyoto and major provinces . Peak 1016. Aristocratic power began to decline, and public order could not be maintained. Many land owners hired samurai for the protection of their properties. That is how the military class became more and more influential, especially in Eastern Japan.

Japanese Nobles Create Great Art The nobles who followed Japan’s emperor to Heian (now called Kyoto) wanted to win his favor by living close to him. In Heian, these nobles created an imperial court. A group of nobles who live near and serve or advise a ruler Why was it important for nobles to have the favor of the emperor?

Heian Period: (794-1158) Taxation system too weak decay of central authority Great families don’t pay taxes Small landholders can’t afford taxes Grants to temples (also tax exempt) Great families emerge and govern in their realms Japan’s Feudal System emerges Great families hire professional retainers for protection as a private army Samurai is created

Japanese Literature Japanese nobles took great care with how they spoke and wrote. Writing was very popular among nobles. Many women wrote diaries and journals about their lives at court. In their diaries, the women did everything they could to make their writing beautiful. Men wrote in Chinese. Women wrote in Japanese. Why do you think there was there this difference?

Literature Both men and women wrote poetry, but women wrote more prose. Most poems were Wakas and following a specific structure. They were usually about love or nature. For example, here is a poem written by a famous Heian-period woman, Ono no Komachi: The flowers withered, (5)
 Their color faded away, (7)
 While meaninglessly (5)
 I spent my days in the world (7)
 And the long rains were falling. (7)

Visual Art The most popular art forms of the period were… Paintings Calligraphy Architecture

Heian- Golden Age Fashion- a love for elaborate outfits Literature- writing was very popular. Poetry was also popular. Men wrote in Chinese and Women wrote in Japanese.

The Heian = The Golden Age of Arts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IAbQacGa8KU

NARA PERIOD HEIAN PERIOD Left-Side Activity for the Nara and Heian Notes. Complete on the left-side of page 27/28 in the ISN Must have a minimum of 6 bullets for each side of the T-Chart NARA PERIOD HEIAN PERIOD