Biotechnology Genetic Engineering Objectives: Diagram the process of inserting a gene from one organism into another – transformation Define genetic engineering Diagram and explain the process of DNA fingerprinting

Genetic Engineering Fast and reliable way for Involves cutting or cleaving DNA from an organism and inserting it into another

Recombinant DNA Technology DNA made by connecting fragments of other DNA from different sources Inserted into a host and the host will use it as its own

How it works Isolate DNA that contains the gene you want (glowing gene from jellyfish). Use enzymes Attach the DNA segment to a carrier or vector Usually bacteria’s plasmid (DNA) Transfer into a host organism

Recombinant Process

Transgenic Organisms Organisms that contain working DNA from another organism. Below are natural glowing jellyfish, caused by a specific gene

Jellyfish gene transferred to Mice and fish

Whiteboard Check A piece of DNA that has codes from two different organisms is called what? What is an organism which has DNA from 2 different organisms in it called? Why is it important to cut the DNA and Plasmid with the same enzymes?

Types of genetic technology Agricultural Environmental Industrial Pharmaceutical

Chimeras A sheep-goat chimera produced by injecting a goat inner cell mass into a sheep blastocyst. The chimera was carried to term in a sheep recipient female

Growth Hormones

corn

Clone diagram-sheep Egg membrane from donor sheep (black face) Insert DNA (from utter cell) from true mother (white face) into egg Plant egg in donor ewe’s uterus Baby born has White face mother’s DNA

Cloning fluffy

Ear Mouse

DNA Fingerprinting What is it? Looking at a piece of DNA and noting differences for each individual Used in forensics to identify bodies, suspects and other samples

How is it done? Take a sample of DNA Cut it at specific spots with enzyme These spots are different for each person You have spots that match each of your parents ½ from mom and ½ from dad, and some of your own too Dye DNA so that you can see it well

Set up an electrophoresis gel Place samples into a well of the gel Run an electric current through the gel The DNA piece will be pulled along Shorter pieces are lighter so they will go further, longer pieces are heavier so they lag behind Looks like this when you are done:

Whiteboard Check What can DNA fingerprinting be used for? Which pieces travel the furthest in a gel electrophoresis, smaller or bigger? Where does your DNA come from?