ANATOMY Unit 1 Notes: Organ Systems & Living Organization

(1) Living Organization All living things are made of cells and atoms/molecules. Levels of Organization: Atoms and Molecules Organelles and Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism

(2) Atoms, Molecules & Reactions The basis of all living things is atoms. All living things contain at least the following biological elements: C H O N P S All cellular processes are driven by energy exchange and the movement and reacting of different molecules.

(3) Homeostasis Involuntary processes and reactions are in place to maintain Homeostasis within cells. Homeostasis = Internal stability / balance. Examples: Shivering when cold. Production of red blood cells when oxygen drops. Buffering of acidic foods using bicarbonate.

(4) Nervous System Function: Made Up Of: Controls all other organ systems. Allows you to respond to changes/stimuli. Allows you to maintain homeostasis. Made Up Of: Brain Spinal Cord Nerves Neurons

(5) Lymphatic System (A.K.A. The Immune System) Function: Made Up Of: Protect body against harmful infectious agents + compounds. Made Up Of: White Blood Cells Antibodies and Antigens Lymph Vessels, Nodes, and Fluid

(6) Cardiovascular System Function: Work with the respiratory system to circulate gases. Pump nutrients throughout the body to working tissues. Made Up Of: Heart Blood Vessels Blood + Blood Cells

(7) Respiratory System Function: Made Up Of: Work with the cardiovascular system to circulate gases. Bring oxygen into body + expel carbon dioxide. Made Up Of: Nasal Cavity Trachea + Bronchioles Lungs Diaphragm

(8) Skeletal System Function: Made Up Of: Provide body support and mobility. Protect organs. Store minerals and growth hormones. Made Up Of: Bones Joints Cartilage

(9) Muscular System Function: Made Up Of: Allow for body mobility by working with skeletal system. Produce body heat. Allow for organ function and movement. Made Up Of: Muscle Ligaments + Tendons

(10) Digestive System Function: Made Up Of: Break food into smaller pieces. Metabolize biomolecules within food. Absorb useful nutrients + expel waste. Made Up Of: Oral Cavity + Esophagus Stomach Small + Large Intestine Rectum + Anus

(11) Excretory System (A.K.A. The Urinary System) Function: Filter Blood. Remove excessive / harmful compounds within blood. Made Up Of: Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra

(12) Reproductive System Function: Pass genes on to produced offspring. Made Up Of: Male  Sperm, Testes, Penis Female  Eggs, Ovaries + Uterus, Vagina

(13) Endocrine System Function: Made Up Of: Produce hormones. Control and initiate the progress of growth, development, organ function, and reproduction. Made Up Of: Glands Hormones

(14) Integumentary System Function: Protect internal organs. Allow for increased manipulation. Increase heat barrier. Produce vitamins. Made Up Of: Skin Nails Hair