Characteristics of Living Things

Characteristics of Living Things Made of Cells unicellular vs.. multicellular Red Blood cells Onion skin epidermal cells Human cheek cells

Characteristics of Living Things 2. Grows and develops Increase in cell size and/or number Includes: development, aging, death Differentiation – cell specialization for a certain job

Characteristics of Living Things 3. Obtains & uses Energy Metabolism (sum of all chemical reactions) Anabolism- simple to complex (build –up rxns.) Catabolism – complex to simple (break-down rxns.) Heterotrophic (other feeding) vs. autotrophic (self-feeding)

Characteristics of Living Things 4. Reproduces two kinds of reproduction: - asexual – takes one to make more - sexual – takes two

Characteristics of Living Things 5. Responds to the Environment a. Movement – internal or external b. Irritability - ability to respond to a stimulus Examples of stimuli : sight, sound, touch, pressure, temperature, chemicals, color, light, other? c. Adaptability

Taxonomy A. Definition = science of naming things & assigning them to groups

Taxonomy B. Why have a classification system? 1. Single, universal name 2. Avoid confusion 3. Understand how living things are related to one another

Taxonomy What are the FIVE common names of this animal?

Taxonomy Mountain Lion Cougar Puma (Florida) Panther Catamount Rocky Mountain resident Florida resident

Taxonomy ¿Wouldn’t it be confusing if we didn’t have a scientific name? Felis concolor = scientific name of the mountain lion Genus species

C. Examples of classification systems: Taxonomy C. Examples of classification systems: 1. Dewey decimal system – library 2. Sections of store – music store 3. Periodic Table of elements - Chemistry 4. Others?

Taxonomy D. Binomial nomenclature System of scientific naming Developed by Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish botanist) in 1750s Two part scientific name Genus and species Must be underlined or in italics In Latin (dead language of scholars)

Taxonomy E. Example : Homo sapiens (wise man) 1. Scientific name for human beings 2. Homo = genus (capitalized & underlined) 3. sapiens = species (underlined, but NOT capitalized)

Taxonomy F. Definition of species = 1. breed successfully  viable, fertile offspring 2. unique features similar to others of same species 3. have similar DNA to other species members

Taxonomy G. 7 Taxa of living things ( taxon = group) Kingdom (kings) Phylum (play) Class (chess) Order (on) Family (fine) Genus (green) Species (silk)

Taxonomy H. Kingdom is least specific, largest group I. Species is most specific, contains only one kind of organism

Taxonomy J. An example: Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapiens

K. Other Systems of Classification Cladograms

K. Other Systems of Classification 2. Three Domain System

Taxonomy L. ¿ What determines how something is classified? 1. DNA 2. Structure

Taxonomy 3. Embryology & development

Taxonomy L. ☺There are 6 kingdoms of living things 1. Archaebacteria 2. Eubacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia

Taxonomy M. Definitions Prokaryotic = does not have a nucleus to contain its DNA Eukaryotic – has a membrane–bound nucleus

Taxonomy N. Unicellular Prokaryotic 1. Archaebacteria –ancient bacteria 2. Eubacteria – most bacteria Eukaryotic 3. Protista – single-celled O. Multicellular 4. Fungi – e.g. mushrooms 5. Plantae - plants 6. Animalia - animals