Cellular Reproduction

- EXACTLY THE SAME NUMBER PURPOSE OF MITOSIS: TO PRODUCE TWO NEW NUCLEII WITH… EXACTLY THE SAME KIND and - EXACTLY THE SAME NUMBER . . . OF CHROMOSOMES AS THE PARENT CELL.

Eukaryote Complex Have nucleus and many organelles Plants, animals, fungi, protista

Prokaryote Simple Lacking many organelles No nucleus Plasimid DNA ring – Bacteria

Definitions Mitosis:Process of cell division Chromosome:structure of DNA, where genes are located Diploid: Containing a complete set of chromosomes Haploid: Containing half a set of chromosomes (gamete)

Definitions Meiosis: Process of cell division by which gametes are formed. Gamete: Reproductive cell, containing haploid set of chromosomes (1/2 set) Zygote: Two gametes joined together, or a fertilized egg cell

Watch this video: http://youtu.be/Q6ucKWIIFmg

The Cell Cycle (3 parts) 1. Interphase: Time when all parts of cell including DNA replicates (doubles) 2. Mitosis: Process of division, made up of 4 phases. 3. Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate cells.

INTERPHASE http://iccbweb.med.harvard.edu/mitchisonlab/Pages/mt.html

interphase interphase

nucleolus (if any) still visible INTERPHASE: nuclear envelope clearly visible chromatin, NO chromosomes, yet http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~johnson/photomicrographs/mitosis/animal/animal_interphase.htm

Mitosis Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible. Each chromosome has duplicated and now consists of two sister chromatids. At the end of prophase, the nuclear envelope breaks. 

Mitosis Metaphase: The chromosomes align at the equator (middle) Are held in place by microtubules attached to the mitotic spindle and to part of the centromere.  

Mitosis Anaphase: The centromeres divide. Sister chromatids separate Move toward the corresponding poles.  

Mitosis Telophase: The condensed chromatin expands and microtubules disappear. The nuclear envelope reappears.

                                                                                                                                                   

Mitosis Song http://www. youtube. com/watch Mitosis Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHRBJgq50dk Questions: Did you know that you have a new body every 7 years? How is this possible? Do you have the same cells all of your life? How does your body make new cells?  

INTERPHASE Allium root tip Coregonus blastula

PROPHASE http://www.itg.uiuc.edu/technology/atlas/structures/mitosis/prophase.htm

PROPHASE nuclear envelope disappears nucleolus disappears chromosomes become visible http://www.ac-dijon.fr/pedago/svt/documents/mitose/prophase.gif

PROPHASE Allium root tip Coregonus blastula

METAPHASE http://iccbweb.med.harvard.edu/mitchisonlab/Pages/mt.html

METAPHASE chromatids spindle centriole http://www.chembio.uoguelph.ca/educmat/chm736/cycletx.htm

TWO IDENTICAL COPIES OF ONE CHROMOSOME. METAPHASE TWO IDENTICAL COPIES OF ONE CHROMOSOME. THIS CHROMATID WILL SOON MOVE TO NORTH POLE THIS CHROMATID WILL SOON MOVE TO SOUTH POLE http://genenlab.spoono.com/gnu/mandm.shtml

chromatids spindle centriole Nature (408. 423, 2000). http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/181gh/Lectures_WJG.01/mitosis_F.01/mitosis.html

METAPHASE Allium root tip Coregonus blastula

ANAPHASE http://www.univ-orleans.fr/SCIENCES/BIOCHIMIE/MMC/accueil.htm

ANAPHASE J chromatids migrate to each pole. http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/181gh/Lectures_WJG.01/mitosis_F.01/mitosis.html

ANAPHASE early late Conly Rieder http://www.wadsworth.org/BMS/SCBlinks/WEB_MIT2/HOME.HTM

ANAPHASE Allium root tip Coregonus blastula

TELOPHASE

TELOPHASE J Chromosomes dissolve. J Mitotic spindle dissolves. http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci2/mitosis/mitosis.htm J Chromosomes dissolve. J Mitotic spindle dissolves. J Nuclear membrane forms. J New nucleoli form.

TELOPHASE ONE DAUGHTER ONE NUCLEUS DAUGHTER FORMS AT NUCLEUS NORTH POLE ONE DAUGHTER NUCLEUS FORMS AT SOUTH POLE SPINDLE APPARATUS DISSOLVES

New nuclei form at the poles. TELOPHASE early late New nuclei form at the poles. Cytokinesis begins. http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/181gh/Lectures_WJG.01/mitosis_F.01/mitosis.html

TELOPHASE Allium root tip Coregonus blastula

Name stage of mitosis Interphase- nucleolus visible

Name stage of mitosis Cytokinesis or end of telophase

Name stage of mitosis Anaphase, starting to move

Name stage of mitosis Prophase, chromatin visible, no nuclear envelope

Name stage of mitosis End of metaphase, or beginning of telophase

Name stage of mitosis Interphase visible nuclear envelope and nucleolus

Name stage of mitosis Telophase, nuclear envelopes reappearing, cell plate forming.

Name stage of mitosis Cytokinesis, two daughter cells with nuclei, and nucleolus has reformed

T H E E N D ( CAN YOU ACE THIS QUIZ ?) Interphase-34 Telophase-21 Metaphase-23, ( CAN YOU ACE THIS QUIZ ?)