The Respiratory System Chapter 7 Key terms

Sinus/o Having to do with the sinus Sinus Air-filled cavity within a bone that is lined with mucous membrane that makes mucus Functions of the sinuses Make the bones of the skull lighter Help produce sound by giving resonance to the voice To produce mucus that drains into the nasal cavity

Nas/o Having to do with the nose

Pharyng/o Throat Pharynx Carries both food and air 3 divisions Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

Laryng/o Voice box Larynx Triangular chamber located between the pharynx and the trachea Contains the vocal cords Protected and held open by a series of nine separate cartilages. The thyroid cartilage is the largest and it prominent projection is commonly known as the Adam’s apple.

Epiglott/o Having to do with the epiglottis Epiglottis A leaf shaped lid like structure Located at the base of the tongue Swing downward and closes off the laryngopharynx so food does not enter the trachea and the lungs.

Anatomy of the upper airway.

Trache/o Having to do with the trachea Trachea Commonly known as the windpipe Extends from the neck into the chest Directly anterior to the esophagus Held open by a series of C-shaped cartilage rings

Bronch/o, bronchi/o Having to do with the bronchial tube Or bronchus The trachea divides into two branches called bronchi. One branch goes into each lung. Within each lung the bronchus divides and subdivides into increasingly smaller bronchi Bronchioles are the smallest branches of the bronchi Bronchial tree Page 126

Alveol/o Having to do with the alveoli Alveoli Air sacs Very small grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole Surrounded by a network of microscopic pulmonary capillaries Gas exchange occurs through the very thin walls of the alveoli

Pleur/o Having to do with the pleura Pleura Multilayered membrane that surrounds each lung with its blood vessels and nerves Plural is pleurae Parietal pleura – outer layer. Lines the thoracic cavity Visceral pleura – inner layer. Surrounds the lungs Pleural space or pleural cavity – airtight space between the folds of the pleural membranes that has a watery lubricating fluid in between the pleural membranes

Cyan/o Blue Cyanosis – a bluish discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen

Atel/o Incomplete Imperfect

-ectasis Stretching Atelectasis Collapsed lung Condition in which the lung fails to expand because air cannot pass beyond the bronchioles that are b locked by secretions

Thorac/o, -thorax Having to do with the thorax Or chest

-pnea Breathing Usually has to do with breathing patterns Tachypnea Bradypnea Apnea

Pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu- Lung Air

Pulm/o, pulmon/o Also means lung

Phon/o Having to do with sound Or voice

Ox/i, ox/o, ox/y Having to do with oxygen

Mucus Secretion that flows from the nose Helps to warm, moisten, and filter air as it enters the nose Mucous is the name of the tissue Mucus is the secretion that flows from the tissue

Mediastinum Also known as the interpleural space Located between the lungs Contains the thoracic viscera including the heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, and thymus gland