Junfeng Yang, Kinshuk, Vive Kumar Evolution of LMSs: findings from the comparison of social learning platforms for music learning Junfeng Yang, Kinshuk, Vive Kumar

MOODLE Sakai Blackboard Most of the current using LMSs are more than 10 years old, and they no longer meet the needs of many teachers and students (Viste, 2014) There are many new emerging LMSs on the market that can be obtained for free (Canvas, EdX, etc.) or through payment (Canvas, fuse, and others).

Careful evaluation of different LMSs is required in selecting the most appropriate LMS for use (Cavus, 2011). With the object to select a LMS for music learning for K-12 schools, this study first proposed a framework for comparing the emerging LMSs

Kim & Lee (2008) presented a model for valuating LMSs with seven aspects: instructional management, interaction, evaluation, information guidance, screen design, technology and organizational demand.. Cavus (2010) automated the evaluation process using computer-aided techniques with premising the structure of LMSs as online materials, delivery, communication, tracking of learning, testing, registration and offline materials. However, with blended learning needs, the model for evaluating LMSs were not suitable for evaluating these new emerging LMSs.

Presentation emphasized on the the functions to facilitate the presentation of instructional contents or learning outcomes, including video, audio, record, live senssion and content management (CM); Participation emphasized on the functions to promote students-students, students-teacher, and human-computer interactions, including social learning, gamification, collaboration, sharing and questioning; Management emphasized on the functions of managing teaching and learning activities, including import/export courses, report and tracking learning process, suver, etc.; evaluation emphasized on the functions of assessment for learning, including quiz, progress, badging and tracking; cost focused on the cost of adopting a LMS.

Considering the special needs of music learning as well as the robustness of LMSs (in terms of the numbers of staffs and consumers), we selected 10 new emerging LMSs: Canvas, Fuse, D2L, Edmodo, WizIQ, Schology, Litmos, Elucidat, Edx, and Educannon. We registered in each of the LMS, using the systems and evaluating the LMS by using the framework separately from the perspective of learners, teachers and managers.

Canvas was a LMS with new emerging features needed for music learning in both higher education and K-12 schools; Fuse was a LMS with very good and fashion design for social learning with videos, but some bugs still existed; Edmodo was s LMS suitable for the company; EdX was a LMS suitable for developing MOOCs; EduCannon was a LMS suitable for developing flipped classes.

The old generation of LMS mainly focused on the content management and administrative functions. While the new emerging LMSs focused on the communication and collaboration by integrating socialize and collaborative tools. The Evolution of LMSs

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