Warm Up 9/29/2016 WHEN THE MUSIC STOPS BE PREPARED TO DISCUSS 1. What is the lithosphere? 2. What happens to the plates at a transform fault boundary and what event occurs? 3. What happens to the plates at a convergent boundary and what is formed? 4.Which type of seismic wave is the first to arrive?

Warm Up 9/30/2016 Using the chart calculate the s-p time interval if the epicenter was 1000 miles away? 3000 miles away?

Agenda Warm up Notes on Volcanoes Independent Work on contour lines (Dante Peak) Review

Finish up Virtual Earthquake Lab You have 45 minutes to finish up the virtual earthquake lab. Remember on part 2 you have to submit your final tabulation of data to my email address. (latonyas.bartell@cms.k12.nc.us) The 3 group member names should be on the certificate.

Objective & EQ EEn.2.1.1 Explain how volcanoes impact the lithosphere. EQ- How do volcanoes erupt?

Background information

VOLCANOES Volcanoes can form at convergent boundaries and divergent But not at transform fault boundaries.

Map of Volcanoes around the WORLD!

How a volcano erupts is based on viscosity. What is viscosity? Viscosity is how resistant a substance is to flowing. For example, honey is more viscous than water. Magma that contains more silica will be more viscous, magma that contains less silica will be less viscous.

Magma that is very viscous will explode, magma that is less viscous will flow. Lava that is hotter will be less viscous (like if you heat up honey) and will flow more. Lava contains dissolved gases, and if the lava is very viscous, those bubbles cannot expand. Instead, the bubbles will explode upwards.

Volcanoes also eject pyroclastic materials, which is a fancy name for hot particles. These particles can be as small as ash or as large as boulders.

3 Main Types of Volcanoes

There are 3 main types of volcanoes, but they all have this general form:

Shield Volcanoes Made of very fluid lava that spreads really far and hardened. Broad shape Lots of island volcanoes (for example, Hawaii) Eruptions are not very violent

Cinder cone volcanoes Ejects lots of cinders (chunks of pyroclastic material) that accumulate at the bottom. Steep sides Short lifespans (usually only erupt once). Usually pretty small

Composite Cone Volcanoes Huge! Produce both lava and pyroclastic material that can reach up to 120 mph! Usually found in the Ring of Fire, which is a zone of volcanoes that circles the Pacific Ocean. Can sometimes form lahars, which are mudflows that are made when lava mixes with water and soil.

Calderas Calderas are volcanic depressions that are created when the magma chamber is drained and the volcano collapses in on itself. Instead of looking like a mountain, it looks like a valley.

Volcanic necks Volcanic necks are formed when a volcano has been weathered down so that only the magma conduit (pipe) is left.

Lava Plateau Lava plateaus are made from very low-viscosity lava flowing out of a fissure (crack) in the ground. The lava spreads really far and creates a flat landform.

The following shows what shape of volcano? A) Shield B) Cinder C) composite D) Dome B

The following shows what shape of volcano? A) Shield B) Cinder C) composite D) Dome C

The following shows what shape of volcano? A) Shield B) Cinder C) composite D) Dome A

Group Activity (1st Block) In your group research a volcano for the next 15 minutes and teach the class about it. Every group should have a different volcano. Include the name of the volcano, location, type, and one fact about it.

EXIT TICKET (mini-quiz): Where do plate tectonics occur? What are the 3 different types of plate boundaries? Next to the 3 different types above, name a land feature that is formed because of the plate boundaries What is viscosity? Name and describe one of the types of volcanoes.