BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA 27-4

BRITISH CONTROL OVER INDIA British East India Company ruled over India until the 1850s It is lead by British officials who employ Sepoys - Indian soldiers who protect British trade interests The Sepoy army consisted of 300,000 Hindus and Muslims

INDIA IS THE JEWEL IN THE BRITISH CROWN Population = 300 million, made India a large market for the British to sell their manufactured goods India major supplier of raw materials: tea, indigo, cotton, coffee, opium, etc… Restrictions imposed on the Indians: 1. Indians produce raw materials 2. Indians must buy British goods 3. Indian manufacturers were not allowed to compete with British factories. Crushing the Indian textile business!!!!!

IMPACT OF BRITISH COLONIALISM IN INDIA NEGATIVES: Britain restricted Indian ownership of industries Place emphasis on cash crops Missionaries Racism POSITIVES: Railroads Modern network of roads Telephone and telegraph lines Dams, bridges and irrigation canals Schools and colleges

Sepoy Soldiers vs. The British East India Company SEPOY REBELLION Sepoy Soldiers vs. The British East India Company 1857: Sepoys revolt as a result of years of mistreatment: 1. Hindus and Muslims forced to use rifle cartridges greased with animal fat 2. Traditional class and religious differences are ignored by British 3. Force Sepoys to fight and defend their colonies abroad G.B. crushes rebellion and takes DIRECT CONTROL over India. This period is known as “The RAJ”

Imperialism in India The Sepoy Rebellion “The Great Rebellion” Sepoys (Indian soldiers) refused to use cartridges coated with animal fat due to Hindu and Muslim dietary laws. (1857-58) British executed the leaders.

CALLS FOR REFORM Ram Mohun Roy leads modernization movement: wants to abolish the practices of arranged child marriages and the rigid separation of society created by the caste system Many Indians adopt western ways and call for social reforms NATIONALIST GROUPS QUEST FOR INDEPENDENCE: Indian National Congress (1885) Muslim League (1906)

Ch. 27-5 IMPERIALISM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

EUROPEANS RACE TO CLAIM PACIFIC RIM Dutch, British, French, Germans and Americans Raw materials: sugar cane, coffee, cocoa, rubber, coconuts, bananas, pineapple

Analyze Imperialist claims in Southeast Asia Complete the chart below with a partner European Power Area controlled Details/Significance Netherlands Britain France United States

DUTCH EXPAND CONTROL Controlled the island chain known as Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, Moluccas, Bali Wanted the oil and tin that were discovered here along with other natural resources Dutch saw this area as there new home and thus created a rigid caste system: 1. Dutch 2. Wealthy and educated Indonesians 3. Plantation workers Farmers must plant 1/5 their land in a specific export crop

BRITISH TAKE the MALAYAN PENINSULA Singapore: Island off the tip of the Malay Peninsula Becomes one of the world’s busiest ports Burma: Huge reserves of tin and rubber Chinese immigrate in waves to fill the labor needs.

French in Indochina Control Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Used direct control Exported rice at the cost of the Vietnamese

COLONIAL IMPACT Modernization mainly helps European business at the cost of the colony Education, health, and sanitation improve Millions migrate to southeast Asia to work in mines and on plantations Colonialism leads to racial and religious problems

PACIFIC ISLANDS US gains the Philippines after Spanish-American War (1898) Emilio Aguinaldo leads Filipino nationalists against US rule 3 year revolt put down by US US promises to prepare Filipinos for self- rule Focus on cash crops leads to food shortages

Hawaii American establish sugar cane plantations on the islands By 1800s accounts for 75% of wealth US business leaders want annexation of Hawaii- adding it to the country 1893-Kick out Queen Liliuokalani US annexes Republic of Hawaii (1959-becomes a state)