A lesson in safe sexual relationships Contraceptives A lesson in safe sexual relationships

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES

Contraceptive Patch Acts very similarly to the pill; however, this beige patch releases hormones of estrogen and progestin into the bloodstream ADVANTAGES: Highly effective (99%) Can place the patch almost anywhere Only change once a week It sticks 98% of the time DISADVANTAGES: Cannot be removed for more than 7 days MUST be changed on “Patch change day” Should be applied to clean/dry skin. Do not use any body products near the patch or where you’ll be applying it Doesn’t protect against STI’s

Oral Contraceptive Pill Also known as birth control; it prevents the ovary from releasing an egg, and is taken in conjunction with placebo pills ADVANTAGES: Highly effective (99%) Reversible Ease the menstrual cycle Also help in skin and hair problems Aid in PMS and menstrual migraines DISADVANTAGES: Adverse effects Blood clots Does not protect against STI’s Effectiveness can be reduced Must be taken everyday; same time

Vaginal Ring It is a soft & flexible ring; is inserted into a woman’s vagina manually and releases preventative hormones; works like the pill; 99% effective ADVANTAGES: Actually considered comfortable as it doesn’t need to be place in any specific way once inside to be effective Kept in for three weeks straight and removed for one week for menstrual cycle DISADVANTAGES: Adverse hormonal side effects Increase in vaginal secretion Blood clots Cannot forget to remove after three weeks Might not be able to use it during breastfeeding

Other hormonal contraceptive options... Injectable contraception (99% effectiveness) Injected only with progestin, not estrogen Can be used during breastfeeding Needed only every 13 to 14 weeks Usage of 2 or more years can cause bone loss Causes minor weight gain Fertility may not return for 6 to 8 months after stopping the medicine And... Intrauterine Contraception (IUC)

DEVICE-BASED NON-HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES

Female Condom ADVANTAGES: Highly effective (95%) Prevents sexually transmitted diseases Available without prescription Does not effective future fertility DISADVANTAGES: Noticeable during sex Sometimes difficult to insert or use Can break or leak More expensive than a male condom (3x) Can only be used once

Sponge ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES: 91% effective Easy to use Small and inexpensive Widely available Upto 24 hours of protection DISADVANTAGES: Is said to have a numbing effect Can only be used once Can be difficult to remove May increase urinary track infection or cause vaginal inflammation Does not protect against STI’s

Spermicides ADVANTAGES: Highly effective when used with other contraceptives (upto 97%) Kills sperm on contact Easy to use Widely available DISADVANTAGES: Must be used with other contraceptives to be effective (70% when used alone) Does not prevent STI’s Must discontinue if slight irritation or genital tissue tear occurs You should avoid spermicides with nonoxynol-9

Diaphragm DISADVANTAGES: Take you some time to get used to it Rubber can causes irritation Should NOT be left in for 24 hours; risk of an allergic reaction or toxic shock syndrome. May need to change brand or size if you gain weight You need to reapply spermicide for sex that’s more than three hours after you've inserted it Diaphragm ADVANTAGES: 94% effective Easy to use Can be placed hours before sex Partial protection against STIs.

Cervical cap VS Diaphragm MOREOVER ... Cervical cap VS Diaphragm

Tubal ligation/occlusion & Vasectomy PERMANENT CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS (SURGICAL) Tubal ligation/occlusion & Vasectomy

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVES Finally... EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVES

LINKS: Birth Control Pill: Side Effects, Effectiveness, How the Pill Works, and Types." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2017. <http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/birth-control-pills#1>."Advantages and Disadvantages of the Birth Control Shot." Advantages and Disadvantages of the Birth Control Shot | Michigan Medicine. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2017. <http://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/tw9515>. "Non-Hormonal Contraception." Sex & U. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2017. <http://www.sexandu.ca/contraception/non-hormonal- contraception/>. "Vaginal Ring." Choosing a Birth Control Method: Vaginal Ring. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2017. <https://www.arhp.org/Publications- and-Resources/Quick-Reference-Guide-for-Clinicians/choosing/Vaginal-Ring>. "Hormonal Contraception." Sex & U. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2017. <http://www.sexandu.ca/contraception/hormonal- contraception/#tc4>. "Female Condom - Its Advantages & Disadvantages." Female Condom - Its Advantages & Disadvantages. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2017. <http://call-life.com/index.php?content=19&healtharticleid=228>. "Effectiveness Rate of Birth Control Methods-Topic Overview." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2017. <http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/tc/effectiveness-rate-of-birth-control-methods-topic-overview>. "Advantages and disadvantages of vaginal sponge." Advantages and disadvantages of vaginal sponge. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2017.<http://www.yourcontraception.com/birth-control-methods/vaginal-contraception/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-vaginal- sponge.html>. "The Contraceptive Diaphragm." The Contraceptive Diaphragm - How Does It Work ? | DrEd. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2017. <https://www.dred.com/uk/contraceptive-diaphragm.html>. http://www.yourcontraception.com/birth-control-methods/vaginal-contraception/difference-between-cervical-cap-and- diaphragm.html