Shout outs

Shout outs

Shout outs

CCOT Practice

Outline option A - Timeline Continuity Beginning Middle End Changes (turning points events?)

Outline option B – Analysis categories Topic Category A: Category B: Category C: Beg / End Beg / End Beg / End What category changed? What category remained the same? BOOM!

Basic outline Conclusion paragraph Thesis paragraph Body paragraph on change(s) Claim Global Context Evidence of change/turning point #1 Analysis: reason for change/effect of change Evidence of change/turning point #2 Body paragraph on continuities Evidence of continuity from early in the time period Analysis: reason for continuity Conclusion paragraph Restate thesis differently It is important to recognize these changes and continuities reflect the global processes of…. Evidence of the impact of these changes globally was also seen in… So what?

Thesis – think triangle Big Picture / Background First sub-claim Second sub-claim that is EVALUATIVE

Sample thesis Increased global connections and trade from 600 to 1750 in Eurasia are the defining feature of this period in history and forever altered the economic and cultural make up of the world. An important continuity in Eurasian trade from 600 to 1750 was the value and importance of resources exchanged and the diffusion of cultural practices between regions. However, and more significantly, trade in Eurasia changed as the result of increased involvement of Europeans later in the time period.

Sub-claim(s) An important continuity in _________________ (topic) from ________ (year) to _______ (year)was… __________________ (topic) changed from ________________ to ______________________ in the period from _______ (year) to _______ (year).

Claim and Global context for change What global processes/factors/events impacted this event? In other words, things that affected most of the world /regions involved during this time period? Sample claim: Eurasian trade from 600 to 1750 changed from being mostly facilitated by Asian empires and merchants early in the time period to being heavily facilitated by Europeans towards the end. Sample Global Context: It is important to recognize that early in this time period, Western European society was highly decentralized in the feudal system. Due to this, Europeans did very little trading with other regions. Meanwhile, Asian societies, including Islamic dynasties and the Tang and Song dynasty, were mostly stable early in this period and were the primary facilitators of trade along both the Silk Roads and in the Indian Ocean Basin.

Evidence and analysis A turning point that led to Europeans being more involved in trade was the Crusades in the 11th and 12th centuries. Europeans traveled to Muslim lands hoping to take them back in the name of Christianity. The result of the Crusades was that Europeans returned with Asian and Middle Eastern goods and began trading them in growing port cities in Western European regions like France and Italy. Around this time, Marco Polo also traveled to China and returned to Italy sparking a new interest in Asian goods like silk and spices among the elite of Europe. As naval technology improved and competition for resources and goods from Asia increased, Europeans began looking for faster ways to get to Asia in order to avoid the lengthy, dangerous over land trade routes that were controlled by Islamic empires like the Ottomans and Safavids in the 14th to 17th centuries following the period of Mongol rule known as the Pax Mongolica. By the late 15th century, new naval technology like the steer post rudder and smaller, safer, faster ships called caravels allowed Europeans like Vasco Da Gama to travel to Asia and return with more valuable Asian goods for European markets. Additionally, in the mid-15th century, the powerful Ming dynasty decided to focus on domestic affairs, allowing Europeans to insert themselves more into Asian markets in the Indian Ocean. As European nations like England and the Netherlands grew in size and power, competition for the resources from Asia increased, leading to the creation of joint-stock companies and increased colonization in places like India, Vietnam and China. By 1750, Europeans were more heavily involved in facilitating trade between Europe and Asia than they had been early in the time period.

Change body paragraph Eurasian trade from 600 to 1750 changed from being mostly facilitated by Asian empires and merchants early in the time period to being heavily facilitated by Europeans towards the end. It is important to recognize that early in this time period, Western European society was highly decentralized in the feudal system. Due to this, Europeans did very little trading with other regions. Meanwhile, Asian societies, including Islamic dynasties and the Tang and Song dynasty, were mostly stable early in this period and were the primary facilitators of trade along both the Silk Roads and in the Indian Ocean Basin. A turning point that led to Europeans being more involved in trade was the Crusades in the 11th and 12th centuries. Europeans traveled to Muslim lands hoping to take them back in the name of Christianity. The result of the Crusades was that Europeans returned with Asian and Middle Eastern goods and began trading them in growing port cities in Western European regions like France and Italy. Around this time, Marco Polo also traveled to China and returned to Italy sparking a new interest in Asian goods like silk and spices among the elite of Europe. As naval technology improved and competition for resources and goods from Asia increased, Europeans began looking for faster ways to get to Asia in order to avoid the lengthy, dangerous over land trade routes that were controlled by Islamic empires like the Ottomans and Safavids. By the late 15th century, new naval technology like the steer post rudder and smaller, safer, faster ships called caravels allowed Europeans like Vasco Da Gama to travel to Asia and return with more valuable Asian goods for European markets. Additionally, in the mid-15th century, the powerful Ming dynasty decided to focus on domestic affairs, allowing Europeans to insert themselves more into Asian markets in the Indian Ocean. As European nations like England and the Netherlands grew in size and power, competition for the resources from Asia increased, leading to the creation of joint- stock companies and increased colonization in places like India, Vietnam and China. By 1750, Europeans were more heavily involved in facilitating trade between Europe and Asia than they had been early in the time period.

Claim and Global context for continuity What global processes/factors/events impacted this event? In other words, things that affected most of the world /regions involved during this time period? Sample claim: An important continuity in Eurasian trade from 600 to 1750 was the value of the resources traded and cultural diffusion. Sample Global Context: Southern Asian products and cultural ideas were of great value to neighboring regions starting before 600. The Mauryan and Gupta empires began the process of connecting not only goods but also resources to neighboring regions including Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Europe.

Evidence and analysis An example of this continuity was the consistent desire for Indian spices, sugar and cotton textiles by neighboring regions as well as the spread of cultural and religious practices. As early as the 7th and 8th centuries, there is evidence of Indian goods being traded in East Africa all the way to China. A byproduct of these exchanges was the exchange and spread of religious and cultural ideas both by land and by sea. Islam in particular became very popular across Eurasia and even in the regions of Africa that were involved in the trade networks. Another example of cultural diffusion and the exchange of valuable resources is the trade that happened along the Silk Roads under the control of the Mongols during the Pax Mongolica in the 12th to 14th centuries. During this time, Mongol authority allowed for the relatively peaceful exchange of goods and ideas and furthered the spread of religious ideas as well as valuable resources. Eventually, by the end of the 15th century through 1750, Europeans entered the Asian markets seeking the same products that had been traded for centuries by Asian and African merchants. Like Muslim traders of earlier centuries, Europeans often tried to spread their religious beliefs in an effort to both spread their religion in the belief it was the one true religion but also in a an effort to create favorable relationships with the people they were trading with.

Continuity body paragraph An important continuity in Eurasian trade from 600 to 1750 was the value of the resources traded and cultural diffusion. Southern Asian products and cultural ideas were of great value to neighboring regions starting before 600. The Mauryan and Gupta empires began the process of connecting not only goods but also resources to neighboring regions including Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. An example of this continuity was the consistent desire for Indian spices, sugar and cotton textiles by neighboring regions as well as the spread of cultural and religious practices. As early as the 7th and 8th centuries, there is evidence of Indian goods being traded in East Africa all the way to China. A byproduct of these exchanges was the exchange and spread of religious and cultural ideas both by land and by sea. Islam in particular became very popular across Eurasia and even in the regions of Africa that were involved in the trade networks. Another example of cultural diffusion and the exchange of valuable resources is the trade that happened along the Silk Roads under the control of the Mongols during the Pax Mongolica in the 12th to 14th centuries. During this time, Mongol authority allowed for the relatively peaceful exchange of goods and ideas and furthered the spread of religious ideas as well as valuable resources. Eventually, by the end of the 15th century through 1750, Europeans entered the Asian markets seeking the same products that had been traded for centuries by Asian and African merchants. Like Muslim traders of earlier centuries, Europeans often tried to spread their religious beliefs in an effort to both spread their religion in the belief it was the one true religion but also in a an effort to create favorable relationships with the people they were trading with.

conclusion The period from 600 to 1750 saw the continued importance of Asian products and the continued exchange of cultural practices. More significantly, the increased role of Europeans marked one of the most important changes in both the Eurasian region and the world. It is important to recognize that the shift toward greater involvement by Europeans in Eurasian trade was largely the result of increased competition for the valuable resources coming from Asia and the advances in technology that made travel and trade easier and more efficient. Eurasia was not the only region that was forever altered by the increased role of Europeans. The Americas were also similarly altered by the introduction of Europeans. Bigger picture, as Europeans became the primary facilitators of trade around the world, they grew in power and wealth and set the stage for a modern world dominated culturally and economically by western nations.