Objectives • Element abundances in the Earth

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Presentation transcript:

Objectives • Element abundances in the Earth • Chemical bonds in crystals and their influence on physical properties • Coordination polyhedra & Pauling’s rules • Common structure types

Periodic table of elements http://www.barringercrater.com/http://www.barringercrater.com/ Klein Fig 3.22

What is the Earth made of? http://www.barringercrater.com/http://www.barringercrater.com/

What is the crust made of? http://www.barringercrater.com/http://www.barringercrater.com/ Klein Fig 3.2

Bond type and hardness diamond graphite http://www.barringercrater.com/http://www.barringercrater.com/ diamond graphite

Ions: Charge and radius http://www.barringercrater.com/http://www.barringercrater.com/ Wenk & Bulakh

Coordination polyhedra http://www.barringercrater.com/http://www.barringercrater.com/ Klein22 Fig3.35

Ionic radius and C.N. Klein22 Fig3.31 http://www.barringercrater.com/http://www.barringercrater.com/ Klein22 Fig3.31

Coordination number C.N. http://www.barringercrater.com/http://www.barringercrater.com/ Wenk & Bulakh

Electrostatic valency + 1/6 Na Cl- http://www.barringercrater.com/http://www.barringercrater.com/

Sharing decreases stability http://www.barringercrater.com/http://www.barringercrater.com/

Close-packed structures 3 positions A Sphere B Void C Void B C

Hexagonal close-packed structure - hcp

Hexagonal Close-Packed Structure - hcp B AB

Hexagonal Close-Packed Structure - hcp B ABAB....

Cubic close-packed structure - fcc or ccp

Cubic Close-Packed Structure - fcc or ccp AB

Cubic Close-Packed Structure - fcc or ccp ABC C

Cubic close-packed structure - fcc or ccp ABC ABCABC.... C

Cubic close-packed structure - fcc or ccp