Ancient History of Restorative Art 1288 – 1110 BC Egyptians: reincarnation Anubis:

Egyptian Treatments Scars, Cuts Missing Eyes and Limbs Bowed Legs Emaciation Broken Limbs Decubitus Ulcers

Mummification Body covered in paste of resin and fat. Surface contour restored.

Middle Ages (5th – 15th Century) No restorative art. Physicians cared for the privileged class.

13th and 14th Centuries Post-mortem care of royalty and gentry: removal of organs skin incised immersion in preserving liquids and powders not presentable for viewing

Renaissance (14th – 17th Century) Italy: death masks made of important people cast in hard wax and then hung in the church

Renaissance (14th – 17th Century) France and England death masks artistic “real” hair attached “puppet body” made of wicker effigy placed on top of casket

US Civil War Dr. Thomas Holmes Plastic Surgery Plaster of Paris Sculptor’s Clay and Window Putty Yellow Soap 1912: “Modern Era of Restorative Art”

Reference to a Photograph Mayer: pages 502 & 558 Klicker page 39 Professional portraits

Reference to a Photograph Snapshots Profile view

Reference to a Photograph Three-quarter View:

Reference to a Photograph Frontal view Inversion of the Photograph

Highlight Shadow Normal Lighting Directional Lighting Flat Lighting

Modeling Techniques Klicker page 65

Concepts of Modeling Armatures: “framework, a material commonly of pliable metal or wood, employed to provide support for a wax restoration” Analyze before modeling. Size, Position and Form

Concepts of Modeling Landmarks of Size:

Concepts of Modeling Klicker page 65 and 66 Measurements in One Direction Configuration to a Pattern Rough Modeling Smoothing a Wax Surface Construction of Large Masses Surface Corrections by Additions

Concepts of Modeling Surface Corrections by Reduction Modeling by Silhouette Modeling the Profile Modeling the Bilateral Form