Making Biosolids Disappear – The Magic Of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Michael Washer – Director of The Merrick Consultancy Presented to: International Biomass Conference & Expo 2018 April 18, 2018 www.merrick.com

Process Overview

Chemical Reactions

A Brief History Of Hydrothermal Liquefaction 2007 2010 to Present PNNL picks up the baton. Developed complementary Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification process. Concept of HTL proposed. First patent in 1925 Explosion of interest in HTL development and commercialization. OPEC Embargo sparks interest in alternative liquid fuels. Multiple R&D projects, including Shell Oil RFS II drives development of renewable fuel technologies

Waste Biomass Feedstocks

HTL Process Schematic

Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification Process Schematic

Carbon conversion in HTL ≈ 50% 1 Carbon conversion in CHG ≈ 80% 2 PROCESS Phosphorous recovery ≈ 99% 3 PERFORMANCE Biosolids processed up to 20wt% 4 Energy efficiency > 85% 5

Double the energy recovery of pyrolysis 1 No feed drying Double the energy recovery of pyrolysis 2 Bio-gas is siloxane and H2S free 3 HTL & CHG ADVANTAGES Footprint is < 50% that of anaerobic digester 4 GHG reduction 3X that of anaerobic digester 5 Modular system, fabricated off-site 6 Process is robust and non-biological 7

HPPS Project Converts 2 wet tons per day of 20wt% algae into biocrude 1 Designed, built, and commissioned by Merrick 2

Next Step – The HYPOWERS Project 1 Hydrothermal Processing Of Wastewater Solids 2 Capacity of 15 wet tons per day of biosolids (equivalent to a wastewater plant serving around 45,000 people) 3 Located at the Central San Plant, in Martinez, CA Project is a consortium, including WRF, Merrick, Genifuel, PNNL, Central San & others 4 5 Cost share, with matching funding from BETO 6 Project will demonstrate all aspects of the HTL and CHG technologies

Capital Cost Reduction Standardization Modularization Scale-up Low Cost Components 1 Heat Integration 2 PATH TO COMMERCIALIZATION Nutrient Recycle To Fertilizer 3 Biocrude Post Treating 4 Bio-Gas Post Treating 5 Business Model Development 6

Thankyou Questions ? Michael Washer – Director of The Merrick Consultancy 303 353 3875 michael.washer@Merrick.com www.merrick.com