Sir Walter Raleigh Context: Exploration & Colonization, especially Early English Colonization Identify: Raleigh was an English explorer and early advocate for colonization of the American colonies. Received permission from QE1 to colonize what will become known as Virginia Used personal fortune to establish the first English colony – Roanoke Significance: Due to tensions with Spain, he was unable to resupply the colony. (Ultimately a failure.) The failure of Roanoke had a disastrous impact on Raleigh’s personal wealth. Independently funded efforts at colonization were now avoided in favor of the Joint Stock Trading Company.

John Winthrop Context: Early American Colonization – New England Identify: You must identify Winthrop as a PURITAN He was a major Puritan leader that organized and led the largest migration of Puritans to New England. He will be instrumental in the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He will serve as governor for many years. Significance: Winthrop is the biggest name among the Puritans during the colonial period. You really must mention the Puritan goal: to establish a model Christian community, to be a “City on a Hill”, as part of their effort to reform the Church of England.

Half-Way Covenant Context: New England Colonial Period Identity: By 1662, growing concern in the Congregationalist Church in New England that too many people were drifting away from the church for a variety of reasons. (materialism, diversity, etc.) Allowed for partial membership w/o the unpopular conversion experience. Partial church membership would be granted via parents and grandparents. (Hopefully partial membership would encourage them to share a conversion experience.) Significance: The church wanted to maintain/reestablish its influence in New England society.