Unit One Review

1. What is the Columbian Exchange?

The exchange of goods between Europe and the New World after the arrival of Europeans

2. How did Native American’s view land ownership different from the British?

The viewed land as being communally owned The viewed land as being communally owned. They didn’t think there should be private owners of land.

3. Which cash crop required extensive slave labor in the West Indies?

Sugar

A trade network established between North America, Europe and Africa

5. Describe mercantilism

The belief that the way for a nation to prosper was to have a favorable balance of trade and accumulate gold and silver

6. What were the Spanish looking for when settling the American Southwest?

Gold

7. What main economic activity were the French involved in, in the colonies?

Fur Trading

8. Why didn’t the initial settlers of Jamestown succeed?

The original settlers were all business men and were not equipped to farm to save themselves

9. What is the “Middle Passage?”

The path of voyage for slaves coming to North America

10. What is a joint stock company?

A company that was established in order to raise money (by selling stock) to found a colony in North America

11. What were the three major exploring nations who settled in North America?

Great Britain, France and Spain

12. What event led colonists in Virginia turn away from indentured servitude and toward importing slaves?

Bacon’s Rebellion

13. What strong Native American tribe did the Virginian settlers encounter when trying to expand west?

The Powhatan

14. What was the first permanent city established in current United States?

St. Augustine

15. Which part of the country did most Scotch-Irish settle?

The Appalachian Mountains

16. Why were there more slaves in the south than in the north?

The South had a better climate for large scale agriculture

17. What crop ultimately made the Jamestown colony prosper?

Tobacco

18. Which colony was originally established as a refuge for Catholics?

Maryland

19. Who are Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson?

The religions outcasts from Massachusetts who established Rhode Island

20. What is an indentured servant?

Someone who agrees to work for a period of years 4-7 in exchange for passage to North America

21. How did New England benefit from the Navigation Acts in 1651?

It led to a boom in the shipbuilding industry

22. Which colony was founded by the Dutch and eventually taken over by the British?

New York

23. Which colony was called “A City Upon a Hill?”

Massachusetts

24. Which nation was forced out of it’s colonial holdings by the British?

France

25. What were the Salem witch trials?

A series of trials in 1692 where young mostly unmarried women were accusing older married women of being witches

26. Why was Pennsylvania called “The Holy Experiment”

Penn established the colony on the basis of religious freedom and gave all men land and the right to vote.

27. What were the Navigation Acts?

A set of acts passed in 1651 used to reign in the colonies economically

28. What was the outcome of King Philip’s War?

10% of all military aged men in New England were killed and it led the British to want to expel all natives from the colonies.

29. Why was the Pequot War important?

It showed the Native Americans how brutal the British really were.

30. Who were the separatists?

The Pilgrims

31. What was the Great Awakening?

A religious revival in the 1730’s and 1740’s that saw an increase in church membership and an expansion of learning

32. What is salutary neglect?

The policy of the British government where they allowed the colonies to make their own laws as long as they remained economically cooperative

33. Why was the Massachusetts Bay colony founded?

As a place for the pilgrims to escape religious persecution

34. Why did the relationship between the colonists and their governor lead to the rise of self-government?

35. In which area of North America were the French involved in?

Canada, the Great Lakes, the Mississippi River and Louisiana

36. Which colony was settled by 2nd sons from Great Britain through Barbados?

South Carolina

37. What was the headright system?

Each settler would be given 50 acres of land if they could pay their own way to America, or they could pay for someone else

38. Why was King Philip’s War fought?

As a last ditch effort by the natives to expel the colonists from New England?

39. What was the first representative body in the colonies to make laws and raise money?

The House of Burgesses

40. Which colonial region was involved in the production of wheat?

The Middle Colonies

41. How did most colonists view Native Americans?

As inferior, and they had little respect for their culture

42. What was the name given to Spanish soldiers who came in search of gold?

Conqustadors

43. The Stono Rebellion illustrated conflicts between which two groups?

Slaves and Plantation Farmers

44. Victory in the Pequot War gave colonists control of which colony?

Connecticut

45. Explain the class system in the South

Large Plantation Owners – Small Farmers – Indentured Servants – Slaves