Bucket Review Which of the following statements about Spanish colonies in the New World is accurate? The Spanish did not engage in mercantilism with their colonies Spanish immigration to colonies in Central and South America was low The Spanish colonized all of present day South America The man economic contributions of Spain’s colonies came from gold and salt Sugarcane production was the primary economic activity in Spanish colonies E

Bucket Review The Treaty of Tordesillas Is an example of diplomatic tactic Europeans used in negotiating with Amerindians Was the name of the charter given by the king of Spanish to Cortes, allowing for the conquest of the Aztecs Brought about a peaceful conclusion to the Spanish takeover of the Inca Provided ground rules for the slave trade between Africa and the Americas Established territorial borders for the Spanish and Portuguese E

Motives

Motives for Exploration God Gold Glory

Motives #1 – GOD The CHURCH wanted to: Stop the spread of Islam Spread Christianity

Motive #2 – GOLD MERCHANTS wanted to: Find new trade routes to the East Make a profit

Motive #3 – GLORY EUROPEANS wanted to: Establish colonies & trading posts throughout the world (due to the competition between nations)

New Technology

New Technology Astrolabe: An astronomical instrument that was used to determine latitude

New Technology Triangular Sails: Sails that allowed ships to sail AGAINST the wind Cartography Improvement: Increasingly precise maps

New Technology The Caravel: A small, sturdy & highly maneuverable ship Proved to be more effective than previous vessels

The Race is On!

Lisbon, Portugal

Madrid, Espana

The Race is On! At the time the Portuguese were most advanced in terms of new sailing technology Began a national rivalry between Portugal & Spain

The Race is On! Line of Demarcation (1493): An imaginary line of longitude that was established to divide lands claimed by Portugal from those claimed by Spain Intended to maintain peace

The Race is On! Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): Moved the Line of Demarcation further to the West due to Portuguese complaints

The Impact of Exploration

#1 – The Triangle Trade

#1 – The Triangle Trade Europe – Africa: weapons, rum & cloth Africa – Americas: slaves Americas – Europe: sugar, molasses, cotton, tobacco

#2 – The Middle Passage Second leg of the Triangle Trade; 6 to 12 week voyage Tiny spaces, chained together Darkness, stench, heat 1 in 5 did not survive

Diagram of Slave Ship

#3 – Joint Stock Companies Merchants who wanted to invest in exploration formed Joint Stock Companies Raised money by combining resources with other merchants

#3 – Joint Stock Companies Allowed large & small investors to share the profits & risks of exploration voyages

#4 – Mercantilism Belief that a nation’s power depended directly on its wealth; amount of gold/silver it possessed Goal of every nation was to become as wealthy as possible Selling more than buying (exporting more than importing) = a favorable balance of trade

Colonizers Colonies Spanish Portuguese French English North America Mesoamerica The Caribbean South America

Important AP Tips! 1. Silver mined by the Spanish in the Americas played a crucial role in the development of the European dominated world economy 2. Cultural legacy of: Africans on American society

#6 – Columbian Exchange It was a global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas Corn and potatoes  Europe, Asia, Africa Bananas, black-eyed peas, yams  Americas Cattle, pigs, horses  Americas Diseases  Americas & Europe