Rising Tensions in the Red River Settlement

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Presentation transcript:

Rising Tensions in the Red River Settlement 1860-1870

Arrival of Upper Class, British Settlers 1830: George Simpson (Governor of the HBC) brought is wife Frances to the Northwest with the goal of ‘improving’ the society in the Red River Valley. George and Frances wished to introduce a sense of civilization to the unfamiliar environment of the Red River Settlement. Tensions increase between settlers and Metis: Different views of how a ‘civilized’ society should function

Push for Free Trade HBC Trade Monopoly = Problem for Metis unable to trade with settlers Metis ignored the trade restrictions Charged for illegal trading Role Play With Class: Trading the Pencil

Push For Free Trade 1849: Sayer Trial Pierre Sayer: Metis Trader Found guilty of illegally trading, BUT freed with no penalty HBC no longer tried to enforce its trade monopoly

Arrival of New Settlers From Upper and Lower Canada Mostly English peasants Mostly anti-French and anti-Catholic More settlers taking up more space = more tension between Metis and settler

Discrimination Against Metis What is discrimination? Why were the Metis experiencing discrimination? *Remember, BNA was dominantly British (English speaking, protestants) French Metis: French Speaking, Catholic English Metis: English Speaking, Protestants Schultz: Organized the ‘Canadian party’ in RRV (Anti Metis)

Economic Problems Crop failures Bison hunts were less successful Depleting furs HBC was losing interest in the area Fewer Bison due to over hunting Managing Ruperts land was expensive, not getting same amount of fur

Purchase of Rupert’s Land HBC: Managing Rupert’s land was expensive 1867: Negotiations to transfer control of Rupert’s land to the Canadian Govt People living in Red River Settlement were not consulted (Settlers and the Metis) 1868: Govt land surveyors arrived to Red River Valley Assumed Metis’ farms were not legally owned

Purchase of Rupert’s Land 1869: agreement signed and land was transferred to the Canadian Govt Joined Rupert’s Land with the North-Western Territory Renamed to entire area the North West Territories