The Rise of Imperial Nations World History Key Terms #1 The Rise of Imperial Nations World History

Essential Question: What drove European countries colonize other areas of the world?

1. Imperialism Definition: a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alJaltUmrGo

2. Nationalism A connection to a people and/or a place Common language, religion, and national symbols Countries in Europe are strongly nationalistic https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=VCC-8OEiZ8s A connection to a people and/or a place Common language, religion, and national symbols Countries in Europe are strongly nationalistic Napoleon helped Europe to become nationalistic in the early 1800s. 100 years later, most of the nations are strongly patriotic. NEXT SLIDE: Social Darwinism

What is the difference between the two pictures? In March 2006, 500,000 march in Los Angeles in a nationalistic demonstration over immigration. What is the difference between the two pictures? After the first demonstrations there was a big backlash because of the immigrants waving Mexican flags. Soon promoters encouraged them to show nationalistic pride in wanting to be Americans by waving the American Flag instead

3. Social Darwinism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ExlGyTcKuU "In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment." Charles Darwin "In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment." Charles Darwin 1859 book “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection” - Explained that basic organism give way to complex organisms over millions of years due to mutations that allow for a particular species (plant or animal) to best adapt to its surroundings. - Objections to theory that human beings evolved from lesser species and that we are not unique creations of God. Darwin was specifically speaking about the natural world (animals and how they react to predators, etc.). NEXT SLIDE: Herbert Spencer

3. Social Darwinism “Junk” science Took Darwin’s ideas on the biological world and applied them to human society Western nations succeed because they “adapted best to the environment.” Herbert Spencer was a sociologist/philosopher Took Darwin’s ideas on the biological world and applied them to human society Western nations succeed because they “adapted best to the environment.” On a personal level – “the strong and fit” rise to the top and advance in life while the weak decline.

4. New Imperialism Industrialized nations needed: Raw materials Customers for goods Targets for Imperialism: Africa Asia America Europe looking to control territory Africa Europeans saw African an Asian societies as sources of raw materials and a market for European goods. The West no longer traded gold and silver for cloves, pepper, tea and silk. Now the products of European factors were sent East while oil, tin, rubber and other raw materials were shipped West (to Europe). Imperialism is not new (think about Columbus) Old Imperialism = trading posts and missionary work New Imperialism = total control of vast territories Asia

Raw Materials that Europeans wanted: iron cotton rubber iron ore coal salt sugar coffee beans soybeans rice silk gold silver diamonds Sugar plantation Coffee harvest

5. Cash Crop/Commodities A crop that is grown for money Coffee, cocoa, sugar cane, bananas, oranges and cotton A commodity is an item whose value is set by its quantity on the market

Cash Crops in Africa https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z15cQrPWxE0&spfreload=10

From North to South Africa 6. Protectorate Indirect rule (cheaper) Local rulers maintain control France Tunisia Morocco Great Britain Sheik of Kuwait Egyptian King 2nd form of Imperial Control and cheaper Local Governor Local Officials Local Soldiers Local Customs – Important: maintains culture From North to South Africa

British Officer/Local Troops 7. Colonialism Direct Rule (expensive) by European… Governor Officials Soldiers France Algeria Indo China Great Britain India Kenya Very Expensive form of Imperial Control In Burma, the local monarchy opposed British rule so the British abolished the monarchy and directly administered the country. In Indochina, France imposed direct rule over southern provinces while the northern provinces were governed by a protectorate. Colonialism (direct rule) is the first form of imperial control. There are others… British Officer/Local Troops