2/6/17 Learning Objective: I can understand how industrialization fueled the demand for natural resources outside of political boundaries which led to imperialism/colonialism. Language Objective: I can think-a-loud with my classmates about imperialism. I can take notes from a power-point.

They can’t all be Giants….

Discover your islands…

Think about economics, politics, and social changes! Brainstorm We know (or at least should know) the impact industrialization had on the economy, politics, and social life of England. Brainstorm in your Islands of Discovery: (I’ll be calling on groups to respond) What impact does industrialization have on a global scale? (How would it impact the rest of the world?) Think about economics, politics, and social changes!

Warm UP Discussion For this one: You will need a sheet of paper. When, if ever, is it valid for one nation or culture to intervene in another to impose its values? First answer on your own paper. Then discuss with your group.

Lord Frederick Lugard, a British empire builder, tried to justify imperialism in Africa with these words: “There are some who say we have no right to Africa at all, that ‘it belongs with the natives.’ I hold that our right is the necessity that is upon us to provide for our ever-growing population— either by opening new fields for emigration, or by providing work and employment…and to stimulate trade by finding new markets.”

The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914

True or False? In the nineteenth century ... A British army faced a Sudanese army twice its size. The British won the battle, losing only 48 men while killing 10,000. Mountains of guano (bird droppings), sold to Europeans, created an unprecedented class of millionaires in Peru. The King of Belgium ran a private rubber-collecting company in the Congo that secretly killed 8 million people. Three out of ten people in southern China became addicted to opium as a result of British merchants illegally shipping it there from India. The British Customs Department grew an impenetrable hedge across India to prevent the smuggling of salt. This hedge, made mostly of thorny bushes, was from ten to fourteen feet high and from six to twelve feet deep. It stretched 2,504 miles and was guarded by nearly 12,000 men. The biggest holes in the world were dug by hand in South Africa. One was over 2.5 miles wide and 720 feet deep. It yielded thousands of pounds of diamonds.

Definition Imperialism: The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the economic, political and social life of the people of that nation

Causes of Imperialism Africa Asia Latin America The Industrial Revolution caused a need for resources to fuel industrial production in Europe and the United States Where would these resources come from? Africa Asia Latin America

Causes of Imperialism Economic competition between European nations Markets for finished goods Products of British Industrial Revolution sold in China and India Sources of raw materials Egypt – cotton Malaya, Africa – rubber and tin Middle East – oil Capital investments Profits from Industrial Revolution invested in mines, railroads, etc., in unindustrialized areas

Causes of Imperialism The need of European nations to add colonies to their empires as a measure of national greatness. Want to promote an idea of exceptionalism Growing racism, or the belief that one race was superior to another Because they were more technologically advanced, many Europeans and Americans felt they had the right to dominate the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America Eugenics - selective breeding as proposed human improvement

Causes of Imperialism Social Darwinism: the idea that those who were fittest for survival and success were superior to others Because of Social Darwinism, Europeans felt they had the right and duty to bring “progress” to other nations. Desire to Christianize the people of Asia and Africa Desire to civilize and “westernize” others

REMEMBER: “R.A.C.E.” for an empire R: Resources A: Acquiring Markets C: Christianity E: Exceptionalism

What Enabled European Imperialism? Europeans’ technological superiority (including weapons like the machine gun) Improvements in transportation to and within Asian and African colonies (steamboat, railroad, automobile) Medical advances, such as quinine, which protected Europeans from foreign diseases (malaria) Disunity among ethnic groups in Africa

Forms of Imperialism Colony CHARACTERISTICS Colony A country or region governed internally by a foreign power Protectorate A country with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power Sphere of Influence An area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading privileges Economic Imperialism Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other government

Imperial management methods Indirect Control Local government officials used Limited self-rule Goal: to develop future leaders Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules Where: British colonies (Nigeria, India, Burma)

Imperial management methods Direct Control Foreign officials brought in to rule No self-rule Goal: assimilation Government institutions are based only on European styles Where: French colonies (Somaliland, Vietnam), German colonies (East Africa), Portuguese colonies (Angola), Belgian colonies (Congo)

Percentage Controlled Effects? Region Percentage Controlled Africa 90.4 Polynesia 98.9 Asia 56.5 Australia 100 Americas 27.2