Volume 114, Issue 1, Pages 77-82 (January 1998) High mucosal levels of tumor necrosis factor α messenger RNA in AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus-induced esophagitis  C.Mel Wilcox*, Paul R. Harris‡, Tamara K. Redman*,§, Shigetada Kawabata∥, Takachika Hiroi∥, Hiroshi Kiyono∥, Phillip D. Smith*,§  Gastroenterology  Volume 114, Issue 1, Pages 77-82 (January 1998) DOI: 10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70635-3 Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Detection of TNF-α mRNA–expressing cells in CMV-positive esophageal ulcers in an HIV-1–infected patient (A) before and (B) after complete healing of the ulcer with ganciclovir and from an HIV-1–infected patient (C) before and (D) after unsuccessful treatment with ganciclovir. Esophageal biopsy specimens from the ulcer base or reepithelialized tissue at the former ulcer site was analyzed by in situ hybridization using an 35S-labeled RNA probe encoding TNF-α as described in Materials and Methods (original magnification 60×). Gastroenterology 1998 114, 77-82DOI: (10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70635-3) Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Expression of TNF-α–specific mRNA in CMV-positive esophageal ulcers in 4 HIV-1–infected patients before and after ganciclovir therapy. TNF-α and GAPDH (control) mRNA in the ulcer tissue were assessed qualitatively by RT-PCR, and the PCR products were detected by electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel as described in Materials and Methods. Gastroenterology 1998 114, 77-82DOI: (10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70635-3) Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions