Industrial Revolution

“Preindustrial World” Rocket (train) “Preindustrial World” Industries did exist before the Ind. Rev. (e.g. carpenters, textiles, silver,…) Cottage industries 18th Century marked by inventions The inventions took time and money Marked by a flow of capital due to colonies and global trade Steam engine Spinning jenny Power loom

Transportation England – 1st to industrialize Groundbreaking transportation 1825 - 1st railway 1819 – 1st steam ship to cross Atlantic Goods + skills + machines + transportation = Industrial leader Developed canal system too!

Diffuse to Mainland – by early 1800s Same location principles apply Proximity to coal Connection via a water port Why does location matter? Variable costs Friction of distance Variable costs – maximize advantages; make as much profit as possible; account for energy supply, transport, labor, etc. Friction of distance: increase in time and costs that usually comes with increasing distance

Major Industrial Centers before 1850 Major Areas Western & Central Europe Eastern North America Russia & the Ukraine Eastern Asia

Western and Central Europe

North America: only serious rival to Eur. New York – great relative location, major break-of-bulk (e.g. ship-to-rail) port N. Am. benefited from nat. resources, trans. networks, capital, and labor Most of the rest of the world lagged far behind (exceptions: Ukraine, Australia,…)

Major Manufacturing Regions of Russia Developed in early 1900s

Major Manufacturing Regions of East Asia