Brother can you spare a dime? Great Depression Brother can you spare a dime?

Reminder how to take notes: (roman numerals) NAME OF SECTION A. (capital letters) BLUE HEADING 1. (numbers) RED HEADING a. (lowercase) fact from heading b. second fact from heading 2. NEXT RED HEADING a. Fact #1 ` b. Fact #2 B. Next BLUE HEADING

a. Banks close and lose $$$ (how???) OBJ #1 - Describe the CAUSES and SPARK of the Great Depression. How did Overproduction affect both farmers and industry? What system collapsed and caused millions to lose their savings? Explain how buying on Margin created the Spark. How did people lose money because of the spark? I. OBJ #1- Cause & Spark of the Depression A. Causes of the Depression 1. Overproduction, too much stuff (Factories and Farms) a. Factory Workers begin to get layed-off - Workers cannot buy goods, even more goods are overproduced b. Farmers Can’t Survive -low prices (can’t pay loans / make a living) c. Supply & Demand- Prices Drop 2. Bank Failures a. Banks close and lose $$$ (how???) b. People default on loans (Can’t pay Back) c. Banks cannot cover their deposits, because it was lent out to bad creditors **5,000 banks close between 1929-1932** d. People lose entire LIFE SAVINGS

1920’s Problems BANKS Have NO $$ PEOPLE LOST SAVINGS & JOBS Factories making Too Much, Farms growing too much BANKS Have NO $$ PEOPLE LOST SAVINGS & JOBS NO ONE TO HELP! Factories Fire Workers (Don’t need them) Farm Prices fall (Farmers can’t make $$) Banks Close because they have no money: Loans have not been paid back, can’t give people their savings Farmers & Factory Workers can’t pay back loans to Banks: DEFAULT!!

= + Banks Close Banks have no money to give people People Default on Loans People Lose savings

OBJ #1- Cause & Sparks of Depression B. SPARK!!! Of the Depression 1. Stock Market Crash, Black Thur. Oct. 24, 1929 a. Summer 1929, Investors begin to sell stocks b. Supply & Demand Again – Massive Sell-Off and prices begin to ______ 2. How??? a. Buying on Margin (Borrowing $$) - Buy stock by just paying a small portion of what the stock is worth ex.- 100 shares at $10= $1000 only pay $300 still owe $700 -Problem, stock crashes and you lose your money and can’t payback stock broker - stock broker can’t pay back bank

OBJ #1- Cause & Sparks of Depression QUICK REVIEW: Causes: 1. Overproduction 2. Bank Closings Spark: 1. Stock Market Crash Results: 1. Unemployment 2. Life Savings Lost TOO MUCH STUFF! BLACK TUESDAY

Depression Simulation DICKSONVILLE

Directions BEFORE SIMULATION: On your own sheet of paper, write out your role in Dicksonville and make a prediction for how you will end up. Answer the following: How will you end up: RICH/SAME/Po’ (POOR) What part of the CAUSES of the Great Depression will affect you: OVERPRODUCTION/ BANKS CLOSING/ STOCK MARKET CRASH Explain your predictions in THREE SENTENCES!!!

After Simulation is over Label your sheet RESULTS: How did you end up? What part of the Depression affected you the most? Explain the events that impacted you!!!

Choose a stock Choose between Facebook, Google, Nike, or Apple, explain your choice! Seven total spaces Make a LINE GRAPH the last day

OBJ #2 -Describe how the Great Depression affected people OBJ #2 -Describe how the Great Depression affected people. Who was the president when it started, and what did he do to help? Who tried to help the poor and what problems did they have? How did people try to escape the Great Depression? II. OBJ. #2 – Affects of the Depression A. Jobless / Homeless 1. 1930-1932 – Jobless goes from 4 to 12 million 2. Houses are lost, people become homeless 3. People are Desperate!!!! B. Hatred for President Hoover 1. Say’s it is NOT Government’s job to fix the Poor a. Say Churches and other groups should help b. PROBLEM: People too poor to help churches so churches can’t help as much!!! 2. People name Poor Places after Hoover a.*Hooverville- Shanty towns / Hoovermobile- cars pulled by mules jobs*Hooverblankets- newspapers used as blankets by homeless b. HOBOS- look for jobs traveling the rails

President Hoover’s Response

Hatred for Hoover

OBJ #2- Affects of the Great Depression 3. Bonus Army a. WWI veterans who were promised a $ bonus in 1945, * Veterans want it NOW (1932) b. Veterans go to Washington and “camp out” c. Hoover sends in Army (Eisenhower, MacArthur), used tear gas, machine guns, and burned the camp down

OBJ #2- Affects of the Great Depression Wizard C. Escaping the Depression 1. Radio- Comedies, Soap Operas 2. Movies- Shirley Temple, Child Actors a. Snow White (first full-length animation) b. Wizard of OZ *Small girl escaping the Dust Bowl 3. Literature a. Steinbeck, Grapes of Wrath *About a family of ‘Okies’ escaping the Dust Bowl and how horribly they were treated of OZ

Dust Bowl Word Cloud A word cloud uses sizes of words (duh) and a cloud (double duh) to show a given topic The LARGER THE WORDS the more important they are!

Word Cloud Opener This shows you an example of a word cloud. Analyze the cloud on the board and answer the following questions in your spirals: How would you describe what a word cloud is (don’t just say a cloud of words…) What TOPIC would you say this cloud is about? How can you tell? *You will create a cloud similar to this over the DUST BOWL

On back Ideas for creative TITLE Causes of the Dust Bowl: What led to it happening???? Effects of the Dust Bowl: What was a RESULT of it??? Descriptive words: any words that come to mind to describe the Dust Bowl

Read “facts about the Dust Bowl” UNDERLINE possible creative titles HIGHLIGHT CAUSES Place a STAR next to results, effects, etc.

Sponge Read and answer the “If you were there” on page 790 of the Red History book in your spiral Also, in 12 words or less PARAPHRASE what the man who is quoted on page 791 in the GREEN primary source box is saying In one word, describe the EMOTIONS the man is conveying

OBJ #3 - Describe the natural disaster that affected the U. S OBJ #3 - Describe the natural disaster that affected the U.S. during the Great Depression. What was the disaster’s nick-name? What caused the disaster? Where did the people go to try and escape their troubles and how were they treated (nick-names for these people)? III. OBJ. #3- Natural Disaster “The DUST BOWL” A. Great Plains suffers a huge Drought (1931) 1. Causes: a. Drought . . .no rain b. New technology, tractors and steel plows tear-up extra sod that was holding onto soil, drought turns open soil into sand box 2. Huge Dust storms cover ‘Great Plains B. Results 1. Can’t pay banks- Banks take Farms 2. Many Great Plains farmers move to California, a. Try to get jobs on large farms b. Treated poorly in Calif. - *‘Oakies’ & ‘Arkies’-Not wanted in West

Music and the Great Depression Today we are going to be listening to 2-3 songs from/about the Great Depression: Why might MUSIC be a good way to learn about a time period?

Dust Bowl songs What is the mood the first song creates? What is the mood the second song creates? Why might two songs, on the same topic, be so different?

Three terms to know today New Deal Brain Trust Fireside Chat

James Warburg: Banking Louis Brandeis Supreme Court Adolf Berle: Economic Adviser Hugh Johnson: NRA Prices Harold L. Ickes Secretary of Interior Harry Hopkins: Commerce Rexford Tugwell Farm adviser Frances Perkins Secretary of Labor

Brain trust ranking You are my closest advisers. With your partners, RANK which areas of the Great Depression should be emphasized FIRST (with a 1), second, and so on. Be able to explain your choices in your head. “Why did you choose # 1…”

Fireside Chat #1 Listen to the fireside chat What area did Roosevelt decide to address first? Imagine you are listening to this speech, what are your thoughts to what he is saying? Does he reassure you? Why or why not? USE EVIDENCE from text to support your answers (all of them)

Goals of the “New Deal” *Directions: Relief for the unemployed (14 million people had no jobs): means creating more JOBY JOBS! Recovery of the economy: Means higher wages and higher prices (straight cash) Reform to prevent future depressions: Means just that, RE, FORM=CHANGES! *Directions: 1) Use the Cards to answer ABOVE the vocabulary on your lesson packet. First SORT the cards into the correct category and get the teacher approval BEFORE writing!!!!

CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) Fact: Hired over 2.5 million men (18-25), provided food, shelter, clothing and $30, $25 of which HAD to be sent back to families Goal: Provide jobs for young men to plant trees, build bridges, and set up flood control projects

Public Works Administration (PWA) Fact: Between July 1933 and March 1939, the PWA funded the construction of more than 34,000 projects, including airports, electricity-generating dams, and aircraft carriers; and seventy percent of the new schools and one third of the hospitals built during that time. Public Works Administration (PWA) Built ports, schools, and aircraft carriers

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Built dams to provide cheap electric power to seven southern states, set up schools and health centers

National Recovery Administration (NRA) Helped devise standards for production, prices and wages, to prevent OVERPRODUCTION The NRA was ruled UNCONSTITUIONAL in 1935. It attempted to tell businesses how much to make of a certain product Businesses were encouraged to place a “We do our part” sticker outside their store front window

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) Fact: AAA controlled the supply of seven "basic crops" – corn, wheat, cotton, rice, peanuts, tobacco and milk – by offering payments to farmers in return for taking some of their land out of farming, not planting a crop. Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) Paid farmers NOT to grow certain crops!

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) In 1934 it insured your accounts up to $2500, in 1935 $500. In 2008 it was raised to $250,000. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Insured savings accounts in banks approved by the government (keep banks from failing in future)

Social Security Act (SSA) Set up a system of pensions (retirement $) for the elderly, unemployed and the disabled to keep employment rates low Social Security Act (SSA) Fact: The basic idea of the Townsend Plan was that the government would provide a pension of $200 per month to every citizen age 60 and older. The pensions would be funded by a 2% national sales tax. There were three eligibility requirements

Political Cartoon analysis Today you are going to be analyzing a primary source cartoon about the Great Depression. Copy the following table in your spiral to help start the process: Evidence: What I see (list everything you see in the cartoon) Claim: What I THINK (a statement based off the evidence) Reasoning: Why I reached my claim (explain HOW the evidence matches the claim

Question to think about… Imagine this cartoon is of Hoover instead of Roosevelt. With your partner, discuss 2-3 specific ways the cartoon would be different

What OBJ #4 SHOULD say T) Evaluate the changes made with the New Deal Who created the New Deal? What was addressed first and how was this action communicated to the people? What good did the New Deal do? Where did it fall short?

OBJ #4 - Describe Franklin Roosevelt’s approach to fixing the Great Depression. What problem did Roosevelt fix first and how? What was Roosevelt’s plan called? Name the three major goals of his plan? IV. OBJ. #4 - The New Deal A. President Roosevelt Elected (1932) 1. NY Reformer (Governor) 2. Brain Trust- Used professors and experts to develop programs to fight the depression 3. Promised “New Deal” for Americans a. Experiment and change to fight Depression

1932 Electoral College Votes

OBJ #4- Fixing the Depression “New Deal” A. Fixing Banks!!! 1. Declared a banking crisis a. Closed ALL banks/ 4 day “Bank Holiday” b. Emergency Banking Relief Act- Passed by Congress, allowed only sound banks to reopen, the rest remained closed 2. Fireside Chat- told Americans by radio that the good banks were safer than $$ in a mattress (30 more ‘chats’ that Am. listened to during his presidency)

OBJ #4- Fixing the Depression “New Deal” C. A NEW DEAL!!! 1. People Happy, Roosevelt sends bills to Congress 2. NEW DEAL BEGINS- 3 Goals: a. Relief for Unemployed b. Plans for Recovery c. Reforms to Prevent more Depressions 3. Major New Deal Programs a. Unemployment *CCC- Civilian Conservation Corp *PWA- Public Works Administration *TVA- Tennessee Valley Authority b. Recovery Plans *NRA- National Recovery Act *AAA- Agricultural Adjustment Admin. c. Prevention Reforms *FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Have you seen this?) *still around today *SSA- Social Security Administration *still around today

OBJ #4- Fixing the Depression “New Deal” D. Results- Did NOT end the Depression 1. Most of the Businessmen disliked New Deal 2. Gave country confidence a. Ended banking crisis b. Helped with some Jobs c. Infrastructure (buildings, schools, bridges, electricity, artwork)

Review What was the “New Deal” What GROUP was responsible for helping create it? INDIVIDUAL? Name ONE New Deal plan still around today: Support this statement with facts: The New Deal had NO IMPACT on the Great Depression

OBJ #5 - Describe the reasons people opposed Roosevelt’s plan OBJ #5 - Describe the reasons people opposed Roosevelt’s plan. Give two (2) examples of people who opposed Roosevelt. Why? What did the Supreme Court say about the early part of the New Deal? How did Roosevelt try and change their minds? What was the result? V. OBJ. #5 - Critics of the New Deal A. BIG BUSINESS!!!! (Gov’t doing too much!) 1. Gov’t Can’t tell us what to do B. FDR, not doing enough: 1. “Share Our Wealth”, Huey Long Gov. Louisiana a. Heavy Tax on the wealthy b. Give everyone- Home, Car, $$ c. Assassinated in 1935 2. Father Coughlin, “Radio Priest” a. Mad at FDR for not being tough enough on big business b. Hates communist, Unions, Jews (Hitler?) 3. Francis Townsend a. Give pensions to anyone 60+, would get jobs to younger people

OBJ #5- Opponents of the New Deal (Against) C. Supreme Court Reacts 1. 11 New Deal Plans Ruled Unconstitutional 2. Roosevelt Reacts: ‘Court Packing Scheme’ a. Wants Court raised from 9 to 15 -President chooses new judges -New judges would favor New Deal 3. Friends & Enemies Very Upset!!! a. FDR wants TOOO much POWER b. Congress with all friends won’t pass law for FDR 4. FDR Wins Anyway- By 1938 New Judges a. 1 Justice switches, 1 Justice retires

Quietly review your lesson packet You will have a test on Wednesday/Thursday and we will trap today

Test instructions Have entire class for test/essay Have out lesson packet and essay Grab a scantron from front table, you need a pencil #6, #12, #26, TRUE/FALSE extra credit go on BACK of scantron. Place scantron, test, essay in separate piles on back table when done.

Sponge With your partner, discuss what you can recall about Social Security Possible discussion terms: New Deal, Elderly, Pensions, Unemployment

Question activity With your partner, read over the document In your spirals, create a minimum of FOUR questions that can be answered using the document (so you become the teacher) Try to create questions that provoke THOUGHT

Closed vs. open ended questions Closed questions Open-ended questions Closed questions can be answered either with a simple YES or NO or a few short phrases EXAMPLES Do you like history? How was your day at school? How hot was the weather outside during lunch today? Open ended questions require more thought and explanation Examples Rank your classes from your favorite to your least favorite, make sure to explain your answers What was the HIGH point of your day? Explain Describe the weather

Questioning activity Label your questions with a C if they are closed and an O if they are open Change one of your CLOSED QUESTIONS to an OPEN-ENDED question Change one of your OPEN-ENDED questions to a CLOSED question