“It does not matter how slowly you go, so long as you do not stop.” 11/16/2018 Title: Biology 9/26/06 Objectives: To continue learning about the biochemistry and macromolecules. Class Topics Hand in W.S. Carbon Compounds and W.S. 2.4 (DR/DL/Quiz) before the bell rings Review Chapter 2 Quiz 2 Review Notes Chemical Reactions Enzyme Demonstration Preview for test “It does not matter how slowly you go, so long as you do not stop.” Confucius Friday, November 16, 2018 10:35 AM

Class Assignments W.S. Carbon Compounds 9/26/06 11/16/2018 Class Assignments What By When W.S. Carbon Compounds 9/26/06 W.S. 2.4 (DR/Quiz/DL) 9/26/06 W.S. Chapter 2 Science Skills 9/28/06 Chapter 2 Test 10/2/06 Due this class period Due next class period Due in the future

11/16/2018 Grade Sheet

11/16/2018 2A Grade Sheet

11/16/2018 4A Grade Sheet

How does an enzyme work? Decrease activation energy (graph) 11/16/2018 How does an enzyme work? Decrease activation energy (graph) Normally energy in form of heat or pH Provides area for chemical reaction to take place Substrate fits into active site Precise fit, catalyst for only 1 reaction Lock and key theory Much less energy needed to join or break reactants Products produced more quickly

11/16/2018 Lock and Key Theory

From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/enzyme.html 11/16/2018 From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/enzyme.html

11/16/2018

Enzymes Amylase – Changes starch to glucose 11/16/2018 Enzymes Amylase – Changes starch to glucose Found in saliva Works best at pH of 7-8 Pepsin – Changes protein to amino acids Found in stomach Works best a pH of 1.5-2.5

Enzyme demonstration Catalyst - inorganic - MnO2 RXN - H2O2 H2O + O2 11/16/2018 Enzyme demonstration Catalyst - inorganic - MnO2 RXN - H2O2 H2O + O2 Enzyme - catalase - found in every cell Liver - how does it compare? Blood - how does it compare?

Chapter 2 Test Review Water and Polar Molecules Nonpolar molecules 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Water and Polar Molecules Partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side Different parts have different charges Nonpolar molecules No positive nor negative poles Ex. lipids Water & oil Don’t mix

Chapter 2 Test Review Organic compounds Carbon and hydrogen 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Organic compounds Carbon and hydrogen Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Chapter 2 Test Review Carbohydrates Monomer – monosaccharides 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Carbohydrates Monomer – monosaccharides Ex. Polysaccharides, sucrose Identify a picture of glucose Animal starch = glycogen Storage of glucose Lactose + Water glucose + galactose Label – Dehydration synthesis (sucrose)

Chapter 2 Test Review Lipids Monomer Picture Liquid fats 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Lipids Ex. Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, earwax Monomer Glycerol/fatty acids Picture Fatty acid chain Liquid fats Unsaturated fatty acids

Chapter 2 Test Review Essay 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Essay What macromolecules have an effect on homeostasis in humans? Data Carbohydrates Energy source - Glucose Bowel movements - Cellulose Energy storage - Glycogen (liver and muscles) Lipids Protection – earwax Energy storage – fats Insulation - fats

Chapter 2 Test Review Essay 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Essay What macromolecules have an effect on homeostasis in humans? Proteins Digestion of foods – enzymes – amylase, pepsin Storage of glucose – hormone – insulin Release of glucose – hormone - glucagon Forming blood cells – hormone – erythropoeitin Gaining strength – structure – muscles, ligaments Creating heat – structure - muscles Nucleic Acids Direct protein production – DNA, RNA