“It does not matter how slowly you go, so long as you do not stop.” 11/16/2018 Title: Biology 9/27/06 Objectives: To continue learning about the biochemistry and macromolecules. Class Topics Hand in W.S. Chapter 2 Science Skills before the bell rings Preview for test “It does not matter how slowly you go, so long as you do not stop.” Confucius Friday, November 16, 2018 10:37 AM

Class Assignments W.S. Carbon Compounds 9/26/06 11/16/2018 Class Assignments What By When W.S. Carbon Compounds 9/26/06 W.S. 2.4 (DR/Quiz/DL) 9/26/06 W.S. Chapter 2 Science Skills 9/28/06 Chapter 2 Test 10/2/06 Due this class period Due next class period Due in the future

11/16/2018 Grade Sheet

11/16/2018 2A Grade Sheet

11/16/2018 4A Grade Sheet

Chapter 2 Test Review Water and Polar Molecules Nonpolar molecules 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Water and Polar Molecules Partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side Different parts have different charges Nonpolar molecules No positive nor negative poles Ex. lipids Water & oil Don’t mix

Chapter 2 Test Review Organic compounds Carbon and hydrogen 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Organic compounds Carbon and hydrogen Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Chapter 2 Test Review Carbohydrates Monomer – monosaccharides 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Carbohydrates Monomer – monosaccharides Ex. Polysaccharides, sucrose Identify a picture of glucose Animal starch = glycogen Storage of glucose Lactose + Water glucose + galactose Label – Dehydration synthesis (sucrose)

Chapter 2 Test Review Lipids Monomer Picture Liquid fats 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Lipids Ex. Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, earwax Monomer Glycerol/fatty acids Picture Fatty acid chain Liquid fats Unsaturated fatty acids

Chapter 2 Test Review Proteins Monomer Long chains of amino acids 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Proteins Monomer Amino acid Long chains of amino acids Polypeptides Drawing Parts of an amino acid: carboxyl, amine, alpha carbon, R group Peptide bond Between the carbon of the carboxyl and the nitrogen of the amine Peptide bond between Alanine and Valine

Chapter 2 Test Review Proteins (cont.) Shape of protein Enzymes 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Proteins (cont.) Shape of protein Type and sequence of amino acids Enzymes Chemical reactions not fast enough to sustain life Decreases the amount of activation energy Amylase – starch to glucose Pepsin – best pH 1.5-2.0 Optimal temperature 35-39°C How does an enzyme work?

Chapter 2 Test Review Nucleic Acids Monomer DNA Types Nucleotide 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Nucleic Acids Monomer Nucleotide Parts of a nucleotide Long chains of nucleotides are nucleic acids DNA Stores hereditary information to make proteins Held together by hydrogen bonds Types RNA, DNA

Chapter 2 Test Review Chemical Reactions Activation energy 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Chemical Reactions Activation energy Energy needed to start a chemical reaction Reactants/products Compare Reaction 2 and Reaction 3 Why is reaction 3 the lowest on the graph

Chapter 2 Test Review Chemical Reactions 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Chemical Reactions Glucose + glucose maltose + water What would be found at each point? Why is 2 higher than 1 How would it look with an enzyme?

Chapter 2 Test Review Enzymes Substrate Active Site 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Enzymes Substrate Molecule upon which enzyme acts Key Label Active Site Portion of enzyme where substrate can fit Lock

Chapter 2 Test Review Enzymes (cont.) Graph activity of an enzyme 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Enzymes (cont.) Graph activity of an enzyme Inactive from 0-20˚C Active above 20˚C w/rate increasing steadily to 40˚C, at which the rate is very high Above 40˚C rate decreases rapidly until temperature reaches 50˚C Above 50˚C - inactive

Chapter 2 Test Review Essay 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Essay What macromolecules have an effect on homeostasis in humans? Data Carbohydrates Energy source - Glucose Bowel movements - Cellulose Energy storage - Glycogen (liver and muscles) Lipids Protection – earwax Energy storage – fats Insulation - fats

Chapter 2 Test Review Essay 11/16/2018 Chapter 2 Test Review Essay What macromolecules have an effect on homeostasis in humans? Proteins Digestion of foods – enzymes – amylase, pepsin Storage of glucose – hormone – insulin Release of glucose – hormone - glucagon Forming blood cells – hormone – erythropoeitin Gaining strength – structure – muscles, ligaments Creating heat – structure - muscles Nucleic Acids Direct protein production – DNA, RNA