Written Response #4 What are the six essential elements? C,H,N,O,P and S What is the most important inorganic compound to life? Water What are the four major organic compounds Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids How are the six essential elements important to homeostasis (two ways)? Make up essential compounds, regulating H ions maintains pH What is a buffer? Weak acid/based pair that regulates pH

Written Response Iodine Benedict’s No test Fatty acids Nucleotide Sugars and starch Amino acids Control genes Brown paper bag Starch Glucose Enzymes Stored energy Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Benedict’s No test Fatty acids Nucleotide Sugars and starch Amino acids Control genes Brown paper bag Starch Glucose Enzymes Stored energy Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Proteins Nucleic Acids

No test Fatty acids Nucleotide Sugars and starch Amino acids Control genes Brown paper bag Starch Glucose Enzymes Stored energy Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Proteins Nucleic Acids

Fatty acids Nucleotide Sugars and starch Amino acids Control genes Brown paper bag Starch Glucose Enzymes Stored energy Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Proteins Nucleic Acids No test

Nucleotide Sugars and starch Amino acids Control genes Brown paper bag Starch Glucose Enzymes Stored energy Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Fatty acids Proteins Nucleic Acids No test

Sugars and starch Amino acids Control genes Brown paper bag Starch Glucose Enzymes Stored energy Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Fatty acids Proteins Nucleic Acids No test Nucleotide

Amino acids Control genes Brown paper bag Starch Glucose Enzymes Stored energy Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Fatty acids Proteins Nucleic Acids No test Nucleotide

Control genes Brown paper bag Starch Glucose Enzymes Stored energy Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Fatty acids Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids No test Nucleotide

Brown paper bag Starch Glucose Enzymes Stored energy Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Fatty acids Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids No test Nucleotide Control genes

Starch Glucose Enzymes Stored energy Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Fatty acids Brown paper bag Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids No test Nucleotide Control genes

Glucose Enzymes Stored energy Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Starch Fatty acids Brown paper bag Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids No test Nucleotide Control genes

Enzymes Stored energy Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Starch Glucose Fatty acids Brown paper bag Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids No test Nucleotide Control genes

Stored energy Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Starch Glucose Fatty acids Brown paper bag Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids Enzymes No test Nucleotide Control genes

Controls body functions Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Starch Glucose Fatty acids Brown paper bag Stored energy Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids Enzymes No test Nucleotide Control genes

Quick energy Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Starch Glucose Fatty acids Brown paper bag Stored energy Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids Enzymes Controls body functions No test Nucleotide Control genes

Biuret’s Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Starch Glucose Quick energy Fatty acids Brown paper bag Stored energy Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids Enzymes Controls body functions No test Nucleotide Control genes

Long term energy Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Starch Glucose Quick energy Fatty acids Brown paper bag Stored energy Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids Enzymes Controls body functions Biuret’s No test Nucleotide Control genes

Hormones Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Starch Glucose Quick energy Fatty acids Brown paper bag Stored energy Long term energy Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids Enzymes Controls body functions Biuret’s No test Nucleotide Control genes

Glycerol Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Starch Glucose Quick energy Fatty acids Brown paper bag Stored energy Long term energy Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids Enzymes Controls body functions Biuret’s Hormones No test Nucleotide Control genes

Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Starch Glucose Quick energy Fatty acids Brown paper bag Stored energy Long term energy Glycerol Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids Enzymes Controls body functions Biuret’s Hormones No test Nucleotide Control genes

Phosphorus Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Starch Glucose Quick energy Fatty acids Brown paper bag Stored energy Long term energy Glycerol Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids Enzymes Controls body functions Biuret’s Hormones Nitrogen No test Nucleotide Control genes

Carbohydrates Lipids Iodine Benedict’s Sugars and starch Starch Glucose Quick energy Fatty acids Brown paper bag Stored energy Long term energy Glycerol Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino acids Enzymes Controls body functions Biuret’s Hormones Nitrogen No test Nucleotide Control genes Phosphorus

Unit 2- Biomolecules 2.2- Macromolecules

What is a macromolecule?? Made of elements C H O N P S All macromolecules are made of monomers Monomers are specific to each macromolecule Monomers bond together to make polymers Monomer= ONE Polymer= MANY

Biomolecules/ Macro Molecules Foldable - 1- Elements 2- Monomer 3- Polymer 4- Function 5- Examples 6- Structure 7- Test

Carbohydrates Sugars Starches Atkins Diet?

Written Response #6 How are starch and sugar related?

Examples of Carbohydrates Cellulose – A form of starch found in plants that plants used to build the stem and leaves. In plants the monosaccharide called glucose (C6H12O6) bonds with other glucose molecules again and again to form cellulose. Glycogen – Excess glucose bonds used for short-term energy storage. Found in the liver and muscles. Up date glucose

Lipids

Functions of Lipids Because of the numerous bonds and the way the body stores lipids, they can be used as very long-term (weeks, months) energy sources. Ex. Bears accumulate a layer of fat before winter (when food will be less available). Fats stored in the body act as insulation and protection for internal organs. Some hormones are composed of lipids (steroids).

Lipids Phospholipids – also contain a phosphate group and make up most of the cell membrane.

Proteins

Examples of Proteins Type of Protein Function Example Pigments Absorb and reflect light. They also create color by reflecting light. Chlorophyll absorbs light to gather energy for photosynthesis, and reflects the color green. Antibodies Binds with and inactivates foreign particles in the body. Immune system of living organisms. Keratin Structures in an organism that form from proteins. Hair and Nails Transport Proteins Transport of materials through the cell membrane or bloodstream. Oxygen being carried by hemoglobin. Communication These hormones send signals to regulate body processes. Insulin is secreted by the pancreas and is required by the cell of the body in order for them to remove and use glucose from the blood. Maintain Homeostasis Act to speed up chemical reactions. Enzymes

Proteins AMINO ACIDS

Proteins PEPTIDE BONDS Subunit 2 Subunit 3 Subunit 1 (amino acid)

Nucleic Acids Present in whole foods---NO PROCESSED FOODS

Nucleic Acids DNA & RNA

Nucleotides Nitrogenous base Phosphate Sugar Nucleotides are compounds made of a 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group. Many nucleotide bond together to make up a long chain called a nucleic acid. Nucleotides Nitrogenous base Phosphate Sugar

DNA vs RNA DNA RNA Single Stranded Contains Uracil Double Stranded Contains Thymine Makes up genes Genes determine traits, such as hair color. Genes are passed from parent to offspring. Controls cellular activities by controlling the production of proteins. Hormones and other cellular signals determine what genes are used in the cell. Single Stranded Contains Uracil Used in the production of proteins.

What Should I eat? Written Response #6 QUICK INSTANT energy SHORT TERM energy storage LONG TERM energy storage

Biomolecules Review Game

Eggbert and Roberta’s Stomach - Lab Submit once you have completed the lab.

Macromolecule Menu - Activity