Essential Question: How does ATP transfer energy for use by the cell and why can’t the cell use glucose for energy?

Energy Can change forms: Ability to do work Cannot be created or destroyed Can change forms: - EX: Light energy can be changed into chemical energy

List all the types/forms of energy you can think of ...

Recall… HETEROTRPHS get energy by consuming other organisms http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm AUTOTROPHS can make their own food using energy from sunlight Ex: Green plants, a few kinds of bacteria HETEROTRPHS get energy by consuming other organisms Ex: Animals, fungi, most bacteria http://www.seorf.ohiou.edu/~tstork/compass.rose/photosynthesis/chloro_sun_bathing.gif http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

EVERYTHING is connected! SUNLIGHT is the ultimate source of energy for everything on planet! http://staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/gfoster/standard/bcycles.htm http://www.angelfire.com/ga4/wavincatlyn/homepage/lking.html

ATP ONE SPECIAL KIND of NUCLEOTIDE http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm ONE SPECIAL KIND of NUCLEOTIDE is used by cells to store and transport ENERGY ATP Image by: Riedell

CELLS USE ATP TO STORE and RELEASE ENERGY 3 PHOSPHATE GROUPS ATP = __________________________ Adenosine triphosphate

ATP can change into ADP ADP = __________________________ 2 PHOSPHATE GROUPS ADP = __________________________ Adenosine diphosphate

Energy is stored in BONDS!! Compounds like ATP are held together by chemical bonds. Energy is stored in those chemical bonds.

Energy Stored in Bonds of ATP

When you break a chemical bond energy is released.

To release energy, the cell breaks off a phosphate… And makes ADP! This energy is used to power cellular activities And our cells can do this over and over again!

The energy to do this comes from FOODS like GLUCOSE Cells STORE energy by adding the phosphate back on to ADP to make ATP. The energy to do this comes from FOODS like GLUCOSE ATP ADP + ___ + ________ → ___ It’s like recharging the battery !

ATP-ADP Cycle Video

WHAT DO CELLS NEED ATP FOR ? ACTIVE TRANSPORT Na + - K+ pump Endocytosis Exocytosis http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html :

WHAT DO CELLS NEED ATP FOR ? Movement Meiosis: http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/anm/ Cilia: http://www.sk.lung.ca/content.cfm?edit_realword=hwbreathe http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/notes/API%20Notes%20H%20Skeletal%20Thoraciac%20Cage.htm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Kinesin_walking.gif

WHAT DO CELLS NEED ATP FOR ? Chemical reactions Synthesis of biomolecules Replication: http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4c.asp Transcription:http://www.wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/mRNA.gif Translation:

WHAT DO CELLS NEED ATP FOR ? GROWTH and REPAIR http://www.mcwdn.org/Plants/Seeds.html http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG

ATP is useful BUT . . . http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html A single molecule of GLUCOSE stores more than 90 TIMES chemical energy as ATP. Cells CANNOT use glucose for energy ~ it must first be converted to ATP

_________ cells store GLUCOSE to use later. CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY GLYCOGEN is the way _________ cells store GLUCOSE to use later. ANIMAL Image from: http://www.msu.edu/course/lbs/145/smith/s02/graphics/campbell_5.6.gif

store GLUCOSE for later. CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY STARCH is the way _______ cells store GLUCOSE for later. PLANT Images from: http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif http://oregonstate.edu/instruction/bb450/stryer/ch21/Slide24.jpg

ATP is useful BUT . . . http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html ATP is great for TRANSFERRING ENERGY, but NOT good for storing LARGE amounts of energy LONG TERM. Cells only keep enough ATP around to last a few seconds and recharge it by burning glucose.

Cornell Summary