Muscular System

Muscular System Composed of over 600 muscles Made up of many fibers held together by connective tissue Think of a handful of spaghetti Muscles contract and relax  produces movement

Types of Muscles Cardiac Smooth/Visceral Makes up the wall of the heart Involuntary movement Found in the internal organs involuntary

Types of muscle Skeletal/striated Attached to bone and produce movement upon command from the brain Point of origin: where movement does not occur, point of attachment/insertion: where movement occurs Remains partially contracted at all times Atrophy- loss of muscle tone Contracture- joint remains in a flexed position for an extended period of time Voluntary

Muscle Injuries: Muscle Strain Strain- overstretching or tearing of the muscles and/or adjacent tissues such as the fascia or tendon. Mild strains are often caused by a spasm Immediate Treatment RICE For grade 3: RICE and immobilize the affected area, EAP may be necessary F/U tx Static stretching at least tid Rest 1-5 days Functional testing includes fwd and bkwd running, and figure 8’s without limping Prevention Strengthening and flexibility

Grading Strains Sign/Sx 1° 2° 3° Muscle damage Mild tearing Moderate tearing Complete tear Pain w/ contraction Mild Moderate to severe None to mild Pain w/ stretching Yes No Muscle spasm Possible Loss of function mild severe ROM Decreased Decreased or increased edema Moderate Palpable defect none yes

Muscle Injuries: Myositis Ossificans A condition in which bone forms in and replaces muscle tissue as a result of trauma Signs and Symptoms: pain, sometimes an immovable, palpable mass, visible on xrays in 4-6 weeks Immediate tx Refer, donut pad, take measurements for further evals F/u tx Maintain ROM, continue use of donut pad Prevention Proper padding

Muscle Injuries: Tendonitis Inflammation of the tendon, caused by repeated stress on the tendon and microtearing Can be caused by poor conditioning and improper body mechanics Symptoms: soreness, point tenderness (TTP), possible mild swelling Immediate tx: Ice, rest if severe, neoprene sleeve or bracing F/u tx: Ice massage, refer if no improvement in about 4 weeks, NSAIDS (ex ibuprofen), if prescribed, US Prevention: Ice, proper conditioning, teaching and using proper body mechanics