Mount St. Helens, 1980 eruption

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Presentation transcript:

Mount St. Helens, 1980 eruption VOLCANISM Mount St. Helens, 1980 eruption

Where are volcanoes located?

Volcanoes are located over divergent plate boundaries (mid-oceanic ridges)

Laki fissure, Iceland

Volcanoes are located over convergent plate boundaries (subduction zones)

Mount Rainier, Tacoma, Washington

Volcanoes are located over Hot spots

What are the products of volcanism?

Welded tuff (ash & flow deposits)

Vesicular Basalt

Pyroclastic eruption at Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica

Volcanic Bombs

Pyroclastic flow at Mount Unzen

Volcanic Breccia

WHY DO DIFFERENT VOLCANOES HAVE DIFFERENT SHAPES?

Gentle-slopes (Shield Volcano)

Non-explosive eruptions Basaltic flows Low-viscosity Lava Gentle-slopes (Shield Volcano) Non-explosive eruptions Basaltic flows Low-viscosity Lava Low SiO2 content Mafic composition

steep-slopes (Cinder-cone Volcano)

steep-slopes (Cinder-cone Volcano) Pyroclastic material High SiO2 content More Felsic composition

steep-slopes (Composite Volcano)

steep-slopes (Composite Volcano) Alternating layers of Basaltic flows and pyroclastic material Mafic-felsic composition

Volcanic domes

Lava accumulates over the vent Volcanic domes Felsic lava Very high viscosity Lava accumulates over the vent

Evolution of Crater Lake Caldera

Mount St. Helens (Before eruption)

Mount St. Helens (During eruption)

Mount St. Helens (After eruption)

Mount St. Helens (Before eruption)

Hot Spots and Plate movement

Volcanic Hazards

Pyroclastic Flows are the most dangerous