Identify and describe the ETHNIC GROUPS INVOLVED IN THE VIOLENCE: Kenya Kikuyu – Largest group, but not majority Farmers Colonial Government favored Elected first President after independence Kalenjin- Elected 2nd President who established one-party rule from 1978-1992 Semi-nomadic herders Have better weapons, and are well organized and trained militarily

Explain WHY there has been tension between the ethnic groups During colonial rule, most land was taken by white settlers and farmed by Kikuyu; at independence Kikuyu gained the land. This fueled ethnic mistrust and tension. Despite efforts at Harambee (unity) each ethnic group favored a government led by its own leaders Elections bring about violence (especially directed toward the Kikuyu); and much of the violence has been GOVERNMENT planned as a means of holding onto power once elected Thousands have died in the violence and retaliations

Identify and describe the ETHNIC GROUPS INVOLVED IN THE VIOLENCE: Nigeria Tensions revolve around both tribal rivalries and religious conflicts Hausas and Fulanis Ruled in the northern part Muslim Favor the use of Islamic Law in governing the country Yorubas Ruled in the southern part Ibo Concentrated in the south Christians Tried to declare themselves independent and sparked the 1966 civil war Oppose the use of Islamic Law in governing the country

Explain WHY there has been tension between the ethnic groups Slave trade made previous rivalries for power even worse British selection of “chiefs” to rule groups of tribes increased resentment between groups After independence each group wanted to control the nation and its oil reserves (=wealth) Civil War began in 1966, destroying the people and land Even if peace was temporarily declared, seven coups or coup attempts destabilized the country and brought dictators to power Military force has been the only thing to stop the common outbreaks of violence

What themes are evident in the case studies of Kenya & Nigeria?

THEMES: THEMES: -Legacy of Colonialism -Economic Rivalry -Government Instability -Dictatorship THEMES: -Legacy of Colonialism -Economic Rivalry -Government Instability -Dictatorship

Analyzing Political Cartoons

Agenda 1.) Get into small groups based on the number you were given 2.) Review the details of your assigned cartoon 3.) Complete your Cartoon Political Analysis Questions 4.) Your group will then come to the board and share your analysis with the class 5.) As each group presents, record the details for each cartoon on your Analyzing Political Cartoons Note Sheet > Submit Objective: Analyze political cartoons to determine cartoonist’s audience and purpose

Now Read the two texts “Darfur: The Genocide Continues” and “Democratic Republic of the Congo” Complete the squares for DRC & Sudan on the graphic organizer Review your notes for Kenya, Nigeria, Somalia, and Rwanda – Add relevant information Complete the Similarities Circle on the Graphic Organizer > Discuss

DRC Two civil wars, one connected directly to Rwanda multiple parties and Congo military FDRC sexual violence, child soldiers, forced displacement, etc. FDLR leaders are perpetratros of Rwandan genocide many resources/minerals located in DRC drew multiple nations attention to the crisis

Sudan Black Africans vs Arab Africans Janjaweed militia Starvation crisis UN World Food Program not enough help/not getting food to those who need it Oil influences China, Russia, and Quatar US troops killed and bodies dragged through the streets; Pakastani and Malaysian troops killed too Questionable ties to al-Qaeda

Similarities -Legacy of Colonialism -Economic Rivalry -Government Instability -Dictatorship -Ethnic Violence -Refugee/relocations - civil war and questions of Critical Humanitarian Intervention arise

http://www. theguardian http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/06/witness-mutilated-body-kenya-government-killing-meshack-yebei-william-ruto; http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/31/world/africa/in-tense-kenya-court-upholds-election-results.html

THEMES: -Legacy of Colonialism -Economic Rivalry -Government Instability -Dictatorship

http://www. businessinsider http://www.businessinsider.com/map-shows-risks-of-political-violence-in-2015-2014-12