World War II The Homefront
Key Terms War bonds Baby boomers Fair Deal G.I. Bill Korematsu v. United States, 1944 Levittown Northern Migration Middle class Rosie the Riveter Selective Service Act AFL-CIO Taft-Hartley Act WACS War Production Board Japanese American Internment Rationing
The Homefront “Home” – United States “Front” – Line of battle How is the war being waged in the U.S.? Total War – all sectors of society are mobilized for war
Restrictions
Selective Service Act, 1940 The Draft!!!
War Production Board Shift away from laissez faire Gov’t Regulation Production of goods Consumption of resources… Gasoline Heating oil Metals Rubber Plastics
Office of Price Administration Price controls Rent controls
Rationing
Rationing
Victory Gardens
War Bonds
Income Tax
Media Censorship
Propaganda & Stereotypes
Taft-Hartley Act Anti-union law Fear of communism… Cold War coming
A.F.L.-C.I.O. A.F. of L. (1886) Breakaway – C.I.O. (1938) Reunited into AFL-CIO (1955) Refrained from strikes during the war
Internment Camps
Korematsu v. U.S. Executive Order 9066 Wartime powers of government Civil rights
Black Soldiers Tuskegee Airmen Buffalo Soldiers
Opportunities
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 1943 1st Amendment Citizens cannot be forced to pledge allegiance to the flag
War Industry
National War Labor Board Government arbitration… …no interruptions in production
Rosie the Riveter
W.A.C.S. Womens’ Army Corps
Navajo Code Talkers
Nisei Regiments
Great Migration
“Double V” Campaign
A. Philip Randolph March on Washington Movement
Executive Order 8802 “Fair Employment” No racial discrimination in defense industry
Mexican-American Soldiers Served in integrated units
Bracero Program Temporary Mexican agricultural laborers
G.I. Bill Passed in 1944 Federal aid to veterans Education Housing Unemployment “Servicemen’s Readjustment Act”
Fair Deal Harry Truman Extension of New Deal Republican Resistance National health insurance Republican Resistance
Levittown, PA William J. Levitt Suburbia
Levittown, PA Prefabricated Homes
“Little Boxes” Little boxes on the hillside, Little boxes made of ticky-tacky, Little boxes, little boxes, Little boxes, all the same. There's a green one and a pink one And a blue one and a yellow one And they're all made out of ticky-tacky And they all look just the same.
“Little Boxes” And the people in the houses All went to the university Where they were put in boxes And they came out all the same And there's doctors and lawyers And business executives And they're all made out of ticky tacky And they all look just the same. -Malvina Reynolds
Middle Class
Middle Class
Births in the United States Baby Boom Births in the United States
Boomer Generation