The Morse Mouse Crossing Interface Why bother with point-and-click when I can just point…? 11/16/2018 UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team

UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team Project Goals Develop a flexible, general purpose, text-capable user interface for our various pointing devices Head-tracking pointing device Eye-tracking pointing device Brain-Computer Interface People we are working with could use this right now 11/16/2018 UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team

UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team Design Criteria Minimize complexity Maximize generality Maximize compliance Minimize distance traveled Minimize time required 11/16/2018 UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team

Alternative Approaches On-Screen Keyboards Simple-minded but complete Zooming Interface (Dasher) Brilliant but reactive Crossing Interface (Morse Mouse) Just right… we hope. 11/16/2018 UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team

UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team Morse Code Well known and rather efficient Invented in 1836 by Samuel Morse Rates of 20 – 30 WPM achievable Entropy of English: 4.14 bits / letter Average Morse codeword: 5.56 bits Average Huffman codeword: 4.35 bits 11/16/2018 UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team

UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team Morse Code Table a ·- j ·--- s ··· b -··· k -·- t - c -·-· l ·-·· u ··- d -·· m -- v ···- e · n -· w ·-- f ··-· o --- x -··- g --· p ·--· y -·-- h ···· q --·- z --·· i ·· r ·-· How de we map this to a graphical interface? 11/16/2018 UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team

UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team On-Screen Keyboard Many small areas - complex, difficult to resolve Uses dwell time in lieu of click - no snoozing! Irreducible minimum time and distance 11/16/2018 UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team

Dasher – Zooming Interface Elegant predictive language model Clickless, with no minimum distance Overwhelming (Attack of the killer alphabets) Text only – no way to implement command buttons 11/16/2018 UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team

Morse Mouse – Crossing Interface Very simple – only four core active areas Application specific command buttons Irreducible minima for time and distance reduced to minimum Pacing is controlled by the user 11/16/2018 UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team

UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team References Hansen, J P, Johansen, A S, Torning, K, Itoh, K, & Aoki, H, 2004: Gaze typing compared with input by head and hand, Proc. Eye Tracking & Res. App. Symp. (ETRA'04), pp 131-138. King, T W, 2000: Modern Morse Code in Rehabilitation and Education: New Applications in Assistive Technology, Allyn and Bacon. Ward, D J, Blackwell, A F, and MacKay, D J C, 2002: Dasher - A data entry interface using continuous gestures and language models. Human-Computer Interaction, vol 17 pp 2-3. 11/16/2018 UVATT - University of Victoria Assistive Technology Team