Section 4: Making the Peace

The Costs of War Influenza had spread among the troops at the end of the war and went home with them to their families and neighbors. The loss of lives from the flu & the war & the costs of rebuilding war-ravaged cities made some countries and colonies vulnerable to revolt.

Central Powers’ Casualties

Allied Casualties

Financial Costs of the War

The Financial Cost of War The Human Cost Of War From the first gunshot fired in anger in 1914 until the 11th hour of the 11th day on the 11th month in 1918, The Great War took its toll on human life. Of the 65 million men who fought in World War 1: 8 million men were killed in battle. 2 million died of illness and disease. 21.2 million were wounded. 7.8 million were taken prisoner or went missing in action. 6.6 million civilians were killed. The Financial Cost of War United States : 22,625,253,000 Great Britain : 35,334,012,000 France : 24,265,583,000 Russia : 22,293,950,000 Germany : 37,775,000,000 Austria-Hungary : 20,622,960,000 Turkey : 1,430,000,000 Four empires collapsed: the Russian Empire in 1917, the German in 1918 Austro-Hungarian in 1918, Ottoman in 1922.

Write down name & country Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau Woodrow Wilson Vittorio Orlando

The Paris Peace Conference 1. The Allies met in Paris to decide what the outcome of the war would be for Europe. 2. Pres Wilson wanted his Fourteen Points, which would bring “peace without victory.” & bring a lasting peace (BM) 3. The British Prime Minister wanted to rebuild England on a grand scale, while France’s leader wanted to see Germany punished. 4. Euro colonies in Af, Asia, & Pacific felt betrayed by the P.P.C (BM?) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soFhWkxSZAY

The Outcome of the Peace Settlements Other treaties also went into effect. In Eastern Europe, the Allies created new nations, such as Poland & Yugoslavia. Previously German-ruled colonies in Africa and Asia were administered by other Western powers. The League of Nations was also established, although without U.S. participation. (isolationism, Am public didn’t support it, US Senate rejected it) BM?

An other reason the US didn’t join the League of Nations How do you think it made the US feel?

The Treaty of Versailles Germany forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles, which narrowed German borders and as well as saddling the country with the costs of war reparations. For a country whose economy was already reeling, the debt would prove too costly. Germany creates new republican government immediately after WWI called the “Weimar Republic” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKzZ1OwPXgk&list=PLAD13F8FC0DBE7DD2 Treaty of Versailles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrYhLNQMRro The Treaty of Versailles, What Did the Big Three Want? ½ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jycVFL8CNM The Treaty of Versailles, Terms of the Treaty 2/2

Mass demonstration in front of the Reichstag against the Treaty of Versailles

Why The Germans HATED the Treaty of Versailles B.R.A.T Blame for the war Reparations/payments for the war Army limited in size/small military Territory loss T of V.-Lead to the rise of Fascism in Germany (BM?) Another German postcard produced about the time of the Treaty of Versailles.    Its title is 'Hands off German Homeland'.   On the stone (bottom left) is written 'd.ö.' standing for Deutsch-österreich (German Austria).  

Demilitarised zone along the river Rhine (Relied on German goodwill after 1920) Disarmament- no tanks, subs or air force, 100 000 men in army (Only Germany was forced to disarm) Union of Germany & Austria (anschluss) forbidden (Ignored by Hitler in 1938) Allied troops to occupy the Rhineland for 15 years (Germany was forced to pay costs) Alasce & Lorraine returned to France (German iron ore lost) Northern Schleswig given to Denmark, Poland gets West Prussia, Posen, & Silesia (Division created by 'Polish Corridor', industry lost, seven million Germans lost) Danzig and Memel ruled by the League of Nations as mandates Germany forced to admit “War Guilt” (Unfair to place all blame on Germany. The Deutsche Zeitung said in an article "...Never forget it!... today German honour is being dragged to the grave... there will be vengeance for the shame of 1919...") Germany to pay reparations to Allies (Massive amounts of money that Germany could not pay)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKzZ1OwPXgk