WHAT IS SCIENCE? Chapter 1 Key concept: What is the goal of science? Interest Grabber WHAT IS SCIENCE? Chapter 1 Key concept: What is the goal of science?

SCIENCE: Is an ________________ Uses_______ to ______ events ______and organizes ______ Deals only with __________ Looks for _______ and __________ organized method evidence explain Collects information natural world patterns connections Image from: http://www.erschools.org/Teachers/henderson/webquest/images/scientist.jpg

_______________ that can be _______ by ___________________ Scientists: _______________ that can be _______ by ___________________ propose explanations TESTED examining evidence http://www.darvill.clara.net/enforcemot/graphics/newton.gif

Science is ______________but a ___________________ Because of new tools, techniques, & discoveries, our understanding of science is __________________. not “just facts” “WAY OF KNOWING” ALWAYS CHANGING http://www.npr.org/programs/fa/features/2005/04/flat_200.jpg http://atmos.pknu.ac.kr/~swimm/wall/1024/EARTH.JPG

Our understanding of science is _________ in _______ intelligent AIDS Renewable fuels Global warming Stem Cell Research Alternative energy Endangered species Bird flu Cancer Pollution Cloning Nuclear power Our understanding of science is _________ in _______ intelligent ________ about a wide variety of _______ that affect our lives. essential making decisions issues

Object A is a basketball. Object B is a table-tennis ball. Observation and Inference Section 1-1 Statement Observation Inference Object A is round and orange. X Object A is a basketball. Object A is a basketball. Object B is a table-tennis ball. Object C is a soccer ball. Object C is round and black and white. Object C is larger than Object B. Object B is smooth. Object B is a table-tennis ball. Each object is used in a different sport. Go to Section:

Flowchart Designing an Experiment State the Problem Analyze Results Section 1-2 Designing an Experiment State the Problem Analyze Results Form a Hypothesis Draw a Conclusion Set Up a Controlled Experiment Publish Results Record Results Go to Section:

Figure 1-8 Redi’s Experiment on Spontaneous Generation Section 1-2 OBSERVATIONS: Flies land on meat that is left uncovered. Later, maggots appear on the meat. HYPOTHESIS: Flies produce maggots. PROCEDURE Uncovered jars Covered jars Controlled Variables: jars, type of meat, location, temperature, time Several days pass Manipulated Variables: gauze covering that keeps flies away from meat Responding Variable: whether maggots appear Maggots appear No maggots appear CONCLUSION: Maggots form only when flies come in contact with meat. Spontaneous generation of maggots did not occur. Go to Section:

Figure 1-10 Spallanzani’s Experiment Section 1-2 Gravy is boiled. Flask is open. Gravy is teeming with microorganisms. Flask is sealed. Gravy is free of microorganisms. Gravy is boiled. Go to Section:

Figure 1-11 Pasteur’s Experiment Section 1-2 Broth is boiled. Broth is free of microorganisms for a year. Curved neck is removed. Broth is teeming with microorganisms. Go to Section:

BIOLOGY =__________________ = ________________ The science of “LIFE” Study of living things Bacteria Image from: http://analyzer.depaul.edu/astrobiology/kingdoms.jpg

Characteristics of ALL LIVING THINGS Made of _________ _____________ Based on a _____________________ _______ and ____________ ______ & ___ ________ & _______ ________ to their ____________ ______________________________ As a group, __________________ cells Reproduce universal genetic code Grow develop Obtain use materials energy Respond environment Maintain a stable internal environment change over time

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells The _____ is the ______________. basic unit of life http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/study_guides_bi.htm

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells UNICELLULAR ____________organisms are _____________ made of only 1 cell bacteria (Ex: _________) Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/bacsiz.GIF

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells _________________ organisms _______ as _________ but as adults are _________________________ Ex: (___________ __________ ) MULTICELLULAR BEGIN ONE CELL MADE OF MANY CELLS a human a tree Images from: http://www.angelbabygifts.com/ http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif

ALL LIVING THINGS Reproduce SEXUAL REPRODUCTION ________________________ _____________the ___________________ from _____________ ________________ Seen in animals and plants combines genetic material 2 parents sperm + egg = baby Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp

ALL LIVING THINGS Reproduce ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION _________________________ makes a new organism using the ________________ from _________________ Seen in bacteria, plants, and some animals genetic material ONLY 1 PARENT Planaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm

All living things share a universal genetic code Hereditary material = DNA ______________________ DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID Segment of DNA ________________ with instructions for one _________ is called a ________. PROTEIN GENE Image from: http://sbchem.sunysb.edu/msl/dna.gif

ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop Image by Riedell _____________ organisms, like a bacterium, grow by ________________. SINGLE CELLED INCREASING in SIZE

ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop Image by Riedell Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG Multicellular organisms grow bigger by __________________ AND _____________________. increasing cell size increasing cell number

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t just contain MANY CELLS… but many _______________ of cells with _____________________ DIFFERENT KINDS DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS Image from: http://www.isscr.org/images/ES-cell-Fig-2.jpg

PROCESS OF CHANGING The ________________ EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS into different looking ADULT cells doing different jobs = __________________________ DIFFERENTIATION Image from: http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg

All cells have the SAME DNA... _________________________ what makes them ___________ is _______________ are _______________________ different WHICH GENES TURNED ON or OFF See end of show for image sources

It’s like having a whole library full of books, but reading only the books that are important to you. http://school.discovery.com/clipart/clip/report2.html http://www.adc.state.az.us/programs/offlibsvs.html

ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy grow and develop To________________,organisms _______ a constant supply of ____________________ & ____________ need BUILDING MATERIALS ENERGY! This sheep uses the MOLECULES and ENERGY in the food it eats to make “more sheep” http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif

ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy ___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to ________________ AUTOTROPHS make their own food Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html GREEN PLANTS Ex: _____________ use ____________to turn _________ into _________ photosynthesis glucose sunlight http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif

ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy ______________ get their energy by ___________________ HETEROTROPHS consuming other organisms Animals Ex: ________ (including you) and _________________ most bacteria  Image from: http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

Vocab word chemical reactions metabolism the combination of all the _________________ through which an organism ________ or ___________ materials as it carries out its life processes = ___________________ chemical reactions builds up breaks down metabolism

ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment A signal to which an organism responds = ___________________ STIMULUS  Image from: http://www.travel-net.com/~andrews/images/animations/traffic.gif

ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment  Image from: http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/stimresp.jpg A stimulus can be _________________ EXTERNAL Ex: When there is enough water and ground is warm enough, seed germinates. Roots respond to gravity & grow downward. Leaves respond to sunlight & grow up. http://www.nofretete-page.de/gemischtNeu/TN_plant_grow_w.JPG

ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment   http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html A stimulus can be ____________ INTERNAL Ex: When the glucose level in your bloodstream becomes low, your body responds by making you feel hungry. http://www.israellycool.com/eat%20guy%20AFP.jpg

VOCAB WORD A cell works to keep conditions inside the cell constant = ______________________ IF temperature, water content, nutrients, acidity change too much . . . the cell will die. HOMEOSTASIS

HOMEOSTASIS involves internal __________ mechanisms FEEDBACK If body temp drops too low, “shivering” produces heat to warm you up. If temp is too hot, “sweating” cools you down. http://www.dreamstime.com/thumb_4/1099235658Q3A4x8.jpg http://www.clipartheaven.com/clipart/seasons_&_weather/overheating_2.gif

HOMEOSTASIS Drinking a BIG GULP increases the amount of water in your body http://www.me-go.net/rtw/images/biggulp.jpg Your next stop gets rid of the excess water. (OSMOREGULATION) http://pluck.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/restroom_blog.gif

ALL LIVING THINGS as a group, change over time EVOLUTION = ______________ Allows _______ of ________ in a ___________ survival species changing world http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=63386&rendTypeId=4

Figure 1-21 Levels of Organization Section 1-3 Biosphere The part of Earth that contains all ecosystems Biosphere Ecosystem Community and its nonliving surroundings Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air Community Populations that live together in a defined area Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass Population Group of organisms of one type that live in the same area Bison herd Go to Section:

Figure 1-21 Levels of Organization continued Section 1-3 Organism Individual living thing Bison Tissues, organs, and organ systems Groups of Cells Nervous tissue Brain Nervous system Smallest functional unit of life Cells Nerve cell Groups of atoms; smallest unit of most chemical compounds Molecules Water DNA Go to Section: