Evolution Change over time

What Did They Believe About the Beginning of Time in the 1800’s? World was round Earth revolved around the sun

What do we know about the Earth now? Formed about 4.6 billion years ago By 2.2 billion years ago it looked similar to today Oxygen was not abundant in the early atmosphere In a process known as runaway accretion, successively larger fragments of dust and debris clumped together to form planets. Earth formed in this manner about 4.54 billion years ago (with an uncertainty of 1%) and was largely completed within 10–20 million years.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) Acquired Traits Traits developed during a parent’s lifetime were passed to their offspring No evidence to support this hypothesis

Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Theory of Evolution Traveled to the Galapagos islands Hypothesis: The species on these islands originated from Central and South America

Species A group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce fertile offspring among themselves

Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Observations All 13 species of finches were similar except for their body size, beak shape, and eating habits

Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Collecting more data Darwin returned to England and continued making observations and comparisons with his Galapagos data James Hutton: foundation for uniformitarianism…first to believe the Earth was billions of years old Charles Lyell: included rock layering and printed the idea of Uniformitarianism in the Principles of Geology Uniformitarianism: Earth’s geological changes are uniform and continuous Malthus: overcrowding of populations limits resources….keeps population in check

Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Natural Selection Organisms with traits best suited for the environment will survive and reproduce

Principles of Natural Selection 1. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive Overeproduction

Principles of Natural Selection 2. Variations occur among individuals of the same species Variation

Variation Inherited traits that make an individual different from other members of the same species

Principles of Natural Selection 3. Some variations are helpful. adaptations

Principles of Natural Selection 4. Over time successful offspring will make up more of the population Survival of the Fittest