Macromolecules Put your names at the bottom of your board Draw a box in the upper right corner to keep score Quietly write your answer on the white board and keep it from roaming eyes When I say- hold your board up for me to review (if you are still writing after I say then your answer does not count) Keep your own score- each question = 1 point unless otherwise instructed Cheating will result in -5 on the actual assessment 1st place= +2; 2nd place = +1; 3rd place = +1

What are the 3 elements that are common in all ORGANIC substances? Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

How many chemical bonds can Carbon make with other elements? four

Dehydration synthesis What is the name of the process by which water is removed and monomers are combined to form polymers? Dehydration synthesis

Name a monomer of a carbohydrate. Monosaccharide (either glucose, galactose, fructose)

Name a macromolecule that can be used to provide energy for the human body. Carbohydrate or Lipid

Look at the image below. What type of macromolecule is pictured here? Lipid (triglyceride)

Glycerol and fatty acid chains 2 point question: What are the two types of molecules that make up the molecule pictured here: Glycerol and fatty acid chains

Look at the fatty acid chains pictured Look at the fatty acid chains pictured. Are these fatty acids saturated or unsaturated? Saturated

List one characteristic of an unsaturated fat. Double bonds within the carbon chain Liquid at Room Temperature Bent carbon chains “better” for you in diet

Provide one example of a food that contains saturated fat. Meat, dairy….anything from an animal

What is the name of this type of monomer? Look at the image below. What is the name of this type of monomer? Nucleotide

3 points: Name the three parts of a nucleotide. Look at the image below. 3 points: Name the three parts of a nucleotide. Phosphate group, sugar, nitrogenous base

STARCH, GLYCOGEN, CELLULOSE Which of the following polysaccharides is found in plants and is used for storage in roots? STARCH, GLYCOGEN, CELLULOSE STARCH

STARCH, GLYCOGEN, CELLULOSE Which of the following polysaccharides is found in animals in liver/muscles? STARCH, GLYCOGEN, CELLULOSE GLYCOGEN

STARCH, GLYCOGEN, CELLULOSE Which of the following polysaccharides can be broken down and used as energy for animals? (2 points for 2 answers) STARCH, GLYCOGEN, CELLULOSE STARCH & GLYCOGEN

What is this molecule called? Dipeptide

If you wanted to break the peptide bond below, what process would you have to do? Hydrolysis

Which two macromolecule groups contain nitrogen? (2 points) LIPIDS CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS Proteins & Nucleic Acids

What type of protein is used as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions? An enzyme

Name 2 differences (be specific) between DNA and RNA 2 points: Name 2 differences (be specific) between DNA and RNA DNA= deoxyribose, RNA= ribose DNA= 2 strands, RNA = 1 strand DNA= thymine, RNA = uracil

Why are nucleic acids important? They determine who you are and what proteins your body needs to make.

Look at the diagram of a phospholipid below Look at the diagram of a phospholipid below. Draw how these would be arranged if you found them in a cell membrane.

The function of a protein is dependent upon its shape. What level of structure is pictured below? Tertiary structure

Drastic change in temperature increase When a protein changes shape and no longer works it is called denaturing. List 2 things that can cause denaturation to occur. (2 points) Drastic change in pH Drastic change in temperature increase UV light

What molecule is pictured below? DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or Nucleic acid

What kind of bonds hold the two strands in DNA together (between 2 base pairs)? Hydrogen bonds

Using the letters A,C,U,G pair them up to show which bases will pair together. A—U G—C

RNA- because it contains uracil and DNA doesn’t have uracil If the nitrogenous bases found in a string of nucleotides contain A,C,U,G would you be looking at a strand of DNA or RNA? RNA- because it contains uracil and DNA doesn’t have uracil

What type of macromolecule is pictured below? Lipid (cholesterol)

List 2 characteristics of this molecule. -acts as a chemical messenger -precursor to sex hormones -hydrophobic, nonpolar -is a lipid

In order to carry out reactions efficiently, organisms must utilize these types of proteins enzymes

Enzymes act as catalysts because they… Lower activation energy which speeds up chemical reactions

Explain what type of lipid is found on the leaves and what the significance of it is. Wax- prevents water loss and dehydration of the plant

Explain how cells harness energy from Glycogen Explain how cells harness energy from Glycogen. They do hydrolysis to break a glucose molecule off of glycogen and then perform cellular respiration in the mitochondria to create ATP.