The Formation of the U.S. and its Relationship to Utah Before 1847 Unit 3: Chapter 5 - Passing Through the Great Basin

Bell Activity This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly! Pick up the new study guide and take out a blank piece of paper. Title it: “Early U.S. History.” Define the vocabulary words “pioneer” and “desolate” Find the word on your orange study guide and complete the following information for the word. Find the definition using a glossary. Use your own knowledge and experience to complete the rest of the definition. Where should your backpack be?

Does your work look something like this? Word: pioneer My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/Example: Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like this? Word: pioneer My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: a person who is among the Draw a picture of it: first to enter or settle a region. Sentence: Many pioneers moved west to find new land that they could settle and own. Synonym/Example: colonizer, settler; Pilgrims, Mormons Antonym/Non-Example: follower; native

Does your work look something like this? Word: desolate My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like this? Word: desolate My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: barren; deserted Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Jed Smith crossed the desolate Great Basin on his way back to Utah. Synonym/ Example: bleak; barren; desert Antonym/Non-Example: lush, verdant; forest

What are we learning today? History Objective - We will understand the development of the United States and how this led to contact with and the exploration of Utah. Behavior – Work Ethic: Create useful, detailed notes on the topic. Language Objective - We will listen for details and answer questions on our guided notes.

European nations competing for North America As we learn in the last chapter, Spain and France were deeply involved in the exploration of what would become the western United States. During this time, a new nation was created from thirteen English colonies in the eastern part of the continent.

Jamestown Earlier attempts at English colonization had failed. One mysterious example of this was the Lost Colony of Roanoke. The first successful English colony in North America was Jamestown in 1607. Who were some of its famous inhabitants? http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/5493-thirteen-colonies-roanoke-island-video.htm Actually archaeology is showing that John Smith was not necessarily the big hero of Jamestown. The people there were working hard to survive in their new environment. -The painting was made in 1608 and is supposed to show Jamestown.

Reasons for settlement Like the Spanish and French, some of the English originally came to the Americas for wealth, but as they explored the region they found it did not have wealthy civilizations. Some of the English began to think of the Americas in a different way; as a place they could settle and live. Most of the Spanish wanted to get rich, become famous, and go home. Their colonizing efforts can be summed up with the phrase: Gold, Glory, and God (also wanted to convert the Native Americans). French also interested in converting the Indians and finding resources (furs, lumber, etc) for their country, not in sending families to North America.

The Pilgrims Far to the north of Jamestown, but not long after (1608), a ship called the Mayflower landed in what would become Massachusetts. The Pilgrims were among the first colonists in North America to include complete families. They were just among the first to settle in America. Many more colonists would follow, moving into lands occupied by Native Americans up and down the eastern coast. Tradition tells us the Pilgrims were seeking religious freedom, but they actually were religiously intolerant. (If you want to live here, you have to be our religion.) Other colonies, such as the one founded by William Penn (Pennsylvania) welcomed people of many religions. Fun Fact - Pennsylvania literally means Penn’s Wood.

Thirteen Colonies Over the course of the next 150 years, these and other colonies grew and developed. Eventually, Great Britain possessed 13 colonies that stretched from north to south along the east coast of the United States. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/13208-colonial-america-american-colonies-take-hold-video.htm The video about the colonies begins after a few seconds on other topics.

Road to Revolution But as these colonies grew, they became increasingly removed from the country that ruled them. From the shipyards of the northern colonies to the slave plantations of the south, the colonies were seeking representation in the English government. When Great Britain tried to tax the colonists to recover some of the money spent to fight the French & Indian War, some felt this wasn’t right. People in Britain were already taxed heavily so Britain felt that the colonies should pay too. The tax was small compared to taxes in Britain, but protests broke out over it. This was just one of many conflicts that led to the Revolutionary War.

“No Taxation Without Representation” was just the beginning… The colonies wanted a representative in Parliament if they were going to pay taxes for the war. This and other disputes eventually led to battles near Boston, Massachusetts in 1775. In July of 1776, the colonies declared their independence. But it would take another seven years for the colonies to win the war (1783). The picture of George III in the video shows him wearing a coat made of dozens of weasel furs like the students saw in mountain man visit from the American West Heritage Center. Shorter video explanation of the war: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/13208-colonial-america-american-colonies-take-hold-video.htm

A New Nation Hungry for New Land One of the disputes the colonists had with England was the English government’s reluctance to allow settlers to move west. After the war ended and the new country gained some stability, settlers flooded west across the Appalachian Mountains and beyond. This westward movement from the United States would continue until the country stretched “from sea to shining sea.”

The Louisiana Purchase After renovating the government with a new Constitution in 1789, the Americans took every opportunity to expand the borders of the country. Under the guidance of the third president, Thomas Jefferson, the U.S. bought the vast territory of Louisiana from the French emperor, Napoleon, who had taken the land in a war with Spain. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/9775-gone-west-independence-and-the-louisiana-purchase-video.htm

Lewis and Clark Spain and France did not share their knowledge with the U.S. about the interior of the continent, nor did the U.S. ask them what they knew and so information from early Spanish and French explorers was not shared with the U.S. In 1804, Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark, along with their guide Sacagawea, to explore the new Louisiana Territory. They hoped to find an easy passage to the Pacific, but instead came back with a lot of information about the interior of the continent. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/27988-assignment-discovery-lewis-and-clark-video.htm

Write your answers in the space provided on question 17 in your guided notes. Image Response: Take a look at the picture and write what you think it means on your paper. What is happening? Who is in it? What are they doing? When is it taking place? The painting is called “American Progress” by John Gast and it was painted circa 1873. The angel is called Columbia and is the personification of the United States.

The Politics of Expansion This expansion continually brought the U.S. into conflicts with other nations. By 1845, the American government had expanded their control from Florida to Texas and beyond. The U.S. acquired Texas after American colonists with the help of some of the local Tejanos (Mexican colonists) created a revolution. This and other issues eventually caused the Mexican-American War. Mexican-American War Before the U.S. annexed Texas, American colonists and resident Tejanos had fomented a revolution to gain independence from Mexico. The pictures show s melodramatic painting of Davy Crockett’s supposed final moments at the Alamo, which is shown in the picture below from 1845. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/21046-colonizing-the-american-west-part-one-video.htm http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/17410-colonizing-the-american-west-the-oregon-trail-video.htm

The Trail to Gaining Oregon The U.S. was also very interested in the Oregon Territory, which was being sought by Great Britain, who controlled Canada, and Russian who had been colonizing Alaska. The U.S. presidential candidate and future president (1844), James K. Polk, threatened war with Britain to get Oregon, but really didn’t want to fight. The U.S. already had a tense relationship with the new Mexican government and war was likely. Polk didn’t want to fight two wars at once. Rather than fight with Britain, the U.S. negotiated and set the border between British Canada and America where it is today. Oregon Territory

American settlers had also gradually made their way to California, which was still a part of Mexico. Gold was discovered there in 1848 at Sutter’s Mill by an American. This started a flood of migration to the area. About a week after gold was discovered, Mexico ceded California and most of the western continent to the U.S. 300,000 people moved to California from the U.S. and from other countries. They were called the ‘49ers because they primarily came in 1849. Many of these travelers crossed through Utah to get to the California gold fields. Golden California ‘49ers Also a good video: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12097-the-frontier-the-miners-and-the-california-gold-rush-video.htm

Manifest Destiny Many in the United States felt that it was our country’s fate, or destiny, to possess the land from east to west coast across the continent. During the 1840s this desire was given a name, Manifest Destiny. The idea behind this name was used to justify taking land from Native Americans, to call for the annexation of Texas, to cause a war with Mexico, and even to argue that the U.S. should control all of North America. By the 1850s, the United States controlled what is now the continental U.S., with Hawaii & Alaska being added by the end of the 19th century.

More explorers and pioneers… With all of these acquisitions, the U.S. was eager for knowledge of these new lands. The government sent explorers and expeditions to learn about these new lands. This would pave the way for future expansion of pioneers into many territories, including Utah. John C. Fremont in a photo from 1872.

This clip summarizes how the U. S This clip summarizes how the U.S. expanded across the continent and beyond. http://www.the-map-as-history.com/demos/tome07/02-territorial_expansion_1783_1861.php

Making Connections What do you think the Native Americans felt about Manifest Destiny? What did it mean for them? How does this idea of Manifest destiny bring new people Utah? http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12565-native-america-manifest-destiny-video.htm Good to bring up during Mormon/NA conflicts in Utah. Living on the American Frontier: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/20589-living-history-life-on-the-american-frontier-video.htm

Now let’s try making a timeline Timelines can also be helpful tools in understanding history.

1. Draw a bar to mark when, and for how long, each culture existed in Utah. Anasazi 300 B.C.-1300 A.D., Fremont 400-1300 A.D., Utes, Paiutes, Goshutes, Shoshone 1100 A.D. to present, Navajo 1620 A.D. to present. 2. Use the timelines at the beginning of each chapter in the book to fill in a year for each event at the bottom of the page. Then mark each of the events on the timeline. 200 400 600 800 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900

Take out your study guide and answer questions 2-4 using page 84. Bell Activity This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly! Take out your study guide and answer questions 2-4 using page 84. Also take out your notes from yesterday. If you finish those questions, work on your map. Where should your backpack be?

Your word is “replenish” Bell Activity This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly! Take out your study guide, Early U.S. History notes, and the Trails map + instructions Your word is “replenish” Find the word on your orange study guide and complete the following information for the word. Find the definition using a glossary. Use your own knowledge and experience to complete the rest of the definition. Where should your backpack be?

Does your work look something like this? Word: replenish My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like this? Word: replenish My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: to replace or make Draw a picture of it: complete again Sentence: Many pioneers traveling on the Overland Trails had to replenish their supplies at forts or trading posts. Synonym/ Example: replace Antonym/Non-Example: deplete