STANDARD IV: Students will understand the relationships among energy, force, and motion.

Objective 1: Investigate the transfer of energy through various materials. What would happen if you reduced the amplitude of a sound wave? a. the sound would be louder b. the sound would be softer c. the sound would be at a higher pitch d. the sound would be at a lower pitch Correct Answer: b

Objective 1: Investigate the transfer of energy through various materials. What would happen if you reduced the frequency of a sound wave? a. the sound would be louder b. the sound would be softer c. the sound would be at a higher pitch d. the sound would be at a lower pitch Correct Answer: d

Objective 1: Investigate the transfer of energy through various materials. Which of these explains why you see the explosion then hear the boom of fireworks? a. sound waves travel faster in air than light waves b. light waves travel faster in air than sound waves c. the explosion produces the light wave before it produces the sound wave d. the explosion produces the sound wave before it produces the light wave. Correct Answer: b

Objective 1: Investigate the transfer of energy through various materials. Which of these describes the movement of the medium from a sound wave? a. forward and backward parallel to the direction of the wave b. side to side perpendicular to the direction of the wave c. rolling motion parallel to the direction of the wave d. it depends on the particular medium Correct Answer: a

Objective 1: Investigate the transfer of energy through various materials. During an earthquake, the land can begin to lift and fall. What type of wave would this represent? a. longitudinal b. surface wave c. S wave d. P wave Correct Answer: b

Objective 1: Investigate the transfer of energy through various materials. Which of these is an example of how energy spreads from an energy-producing source? a. a glass of water spilled on the floor b. light from a candle c. a laser beam reflected by a mirror d. a flame burning a piece of paper Correct Answer: b

Objective 1: Investigate the transfer of energy through various materials. Which wavelength of light is bent most by a prism? a. yellow b. violet c. red d. Green Correct Answer: b

Objective 2: Examine the force exerted on objects by gravity. What are the metric units of measurement for weight? a. cm3 b. mL c. g d. N Correct Answer: d

Objective 2: Examine the force exerted on objects by gravity. How are mass and weight different? a. mass depends on how much matter is in the object but weight doesn’t b. weight depends on how much matter is in the object but mass doesn’t c. weight depends on gravity but mass doesn’t d. mass depends on gravity but weight doesn’t Correct Answer: c

Objective 2: Examine the force exerted on objects by gravity. What force naturally pulls objects toward the center of the earth? a. Buoyant force b. Elastic force c. Electrical force d. Gravitational force Correct Answer: d

Objective 2: Examine the force exerted on objects by gravity. Which of these best describes the relationship between two objects at different elevations and the Earths gravitational pull on these objects? a. the Earth’s gravitational pull on both will be the same. b. the Earth’s gravitational pull on the object at the highest elevation will be slightly less than the lower one. c. the Earth’s gravitational pull on the object at the highest elevation will be greater than the lower one. d. the greater Earth’s gravitational pull is dependant on the mass of the objects. Correct Answer: b

Objective 2: Examine the force exerted on objects by gravity. How could you decrease the gravitational pull between two objects? a. increase their respective masses b. make the surface of one of them rough c. decrease the distance between them d. increase the distance between them Correct Answer: d

Which one of the following simple machines is a third class lever? Objective 3: Investigate the application of forces that act on objects, and the resulting motion. Which one of the following simple machines is a third class lever? a. Wheel barrow b. Crowbar c. Fishing pole d. Scissors Correct Answer: c 

Objective 3: Investigate the application of forces that act on objects, and the resulting motion. A simple machine is used to lift a weight. What happens to the amount of force that must be exerted compared to doing the work without a machine? a. it increases b. it decreases c. it stays the same d. it can't be predicted Correct Answer: b 

Objective 3: Investigate the application of forces that act on objects, and the resulting motion. Brakes in cars work by pressing pads together within the car's wheel assembly. This resistance to the motion of the car results from: a. Fluid friction b. Gravity c. Rolling friction d. Sliding friction Correct Answer: d

Which of the following is an example of sliding friction? Objective 3: Investigate the application of forces that act on objects, and the resulting motion. Which of the following is an example of sliding friction? a. A car going down the road. b. A person sanding a board. c. A ball being pushed across a table. d. A boy climbing a pole. Correct Answer: b

Objective 3: Investigate the application of forces that act on objects, and the resulting motion. Henry built a machine that consisted mostly of ropes and pulleys. The machine was designed to lift his dirty laundry from his basement bedroom up and over to the laundry room. He placed a 20 pound basket of laundry on the base of the machine, pulled on the first rope and up the laundry went! The he pulled on the second rope and it made it to the laundry room. Henry was very happy when he finally got it to work. Henry’s machine a. made his life better because he never had to be seen carrying dirty laundry again. b. made his life better because now he was able to put less effort into getting his dirty laundry to the laundry room. c. made his life better because less work was done on the clothes to get them to the laundry room. d. made his life worse because now other people wanted to hire him to make them a laundry machine. Correct Answer: b

A car changing speed from 60 mph to 50 mph would be an example of: Objective 3: Investigate the application of forces that act on objects, and the resulting motion. A car changing speed from 60 mph to 50 mph would be an example of: a. Acceleration b. Constant speed c. Average speed d. Velocity Correct Answer: a

Calculate the mechanical advantage created by a lever shown below. Objective 3: Investigate the application of forces that act on objects and resulting motion. Calculate the mechanical advantage created by a lever shown below. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 MA = E D/ R D Effort Arm Resistance Arm Effort distance = 8 cm Resistance distance = 4 cm Correct Answer: b

Objective 3: Investigate the application of forces that act on objects and resulting motion. If the mechanical advantage of the lever below is 3, what would the effort force be if the object being lifted weighed 60 Newtons? a. 10 Newtons b. 20 Newtons c. 30 Newtons d. 60 Newtons Effort Force? 60 Newtons Correct Answer: b

Objective 3: Investigate the application of forces that act on objects and resulting motion. Calculate the mechanical advantage created of the incline plane shown below. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 MA = l / h 8’ 4’ Correct Answer: 2

Objective 4: Analyze various forms of energy and how living organisms sense and respond to energy. Describe the amount of potential energy in a bouncing ball. a. it has the most potential energy when the ball hits the ground b. there is more potential energy at the highest point of the bounce c. with each bounce, there is an increasing amount of potential energy at the top of the bounce d. more potential energy is found halfway between the ground and the top of the bounce  Correct Answer: b

Objective 4: Analyze various forms of energy and how living organisms sense and respond to energy. What energy conversion takes place in photosynthesis? 6H2O + 6CO2 --------> C6H12O6 + 6O2 a. heat energy to chemical b. light energy to heat c. light energy to chemical d. mechanical energy to chemical  Light Correct Answer: c

What energy conversion takes place during cellular respiration? Objective 4: Analyze various forms of energy and how living organisms sense and respond to energy. What energy conversion takes place during cellular respiration? a. heat energy to mechanical b. heat energy to chemical c. chemical energy to light d. chemical energy to mechanical Correct Answer: d  

c. Gravitational Potential energy d. Nuclear energy Objective 4: Analyze various forms of energy and how living organisms sense and respond to energy. As water flows through a dam it can be used to create electrical energy. The electrical energy is formed from the water's stored a. Electrical energy b. Heat energy c. Gravitational Potential energy d. Nuclear energy   Correct Answer: c

Identify the energy change(s) that take place as a candle burns. Objective 4: Analyze various forms of energy and how living organisms sense and respond to energy. Identify the energy change(s) that take place as a candle burns. a. Chemical to heat energy b. Chemical to electric energy c. Electric to mechanical energy d. Mechanical to electric energy Correct Answer: a 

Objective 4: Analyze various forms of energy and how living organisms sense and respond to energy. Energy that is the result of the internal motion of particles of matter is termed Electrical energy b. Heat energy c. Mechanical energy d. Nuclear energy Correct Answer: b

Objective 4: Analyze various forms of energy and how living organisms sense and respond to energy. Peter went exploring in a near-by cave.  At one point, he decided to rest and turned off his flashlight.  There was complete darkness.  When will Peter's eyes adjust to the darkness so he can see? a. 5 minutes b. 30 minutes c. 1 hour d. never Correct Answer: d 

Objective 1: Investigate the transfer of energy through various materials. Why does a prism separate white light into the rainbow colors? a. different wavelengths of light are bent different amounts b. the prism acts differently on waves of different amplitude c. different speeds of light are affected differently d. the prism changes the amplitude of each of the wavelengths Correct Answer: a

Objective 1: Investigate the transfer of energy through various materials. What happens when red light shines on a prism? a. it changes the color of the light into blue and green b. it changes the direction of the beam and the color c. it makes the light reflect back to the opposite direction d. it changes the direction of the light but not the color Correct Answer: d Red is only made up of one wavelength so there’s nothing to separate out

Objective 3: Investigate the application of forces that act on objects, and the resulting motion. Which of the following is an inference about this balanced lever if it has a mechanical advantage of 3? a. This lever is balanced without the blocks A & B b. B is three times farther than A from the fulcrum c. B is three times heavier than A d. A is 1/3 the distance from the fulcrum than B Correct Answer: c