Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages (July 2000)

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Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 107-114 (July 2000) Age and magnetic effects on ectopic bone formation induced by purified bone morphogenetic protein Noriyuki Nagai, Masahisa Inoue, Yuzo Ishiwari, Hitoshi Nagatsuka, Hidetsugu Tsujigiwa, Keisuke Nakano, Noriyuki Nagaoka Pathophysiology Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 107-114 (July 2000) DOI: 10.1016/S0928-4680(00)00036-5

Fig. 1 On day 21, a large number of trabecular bones were observed extensively in 4-week-old rat (arrow indicates lining osteoblasts), H&E ×95. Pathophysiology 2000 7, 107-114DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(00)00036-5)

Fig. 2 On day 21, some trabecular bones were present mainly in the outer region of the explant in 10-month-old rat, H&E ×95. Pathophysiology 2000 7, 107-114DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(00)00036-5)

Fig. 3 On day 21, a little bone was focally observed in limited areas of the outer region of the explant in 18-month-old rat (bt indicates bone tissue), H&E ×95. Pathophysiology 2000 7, 107-114DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(00)00036-5)

Fig. 4 Bone induction at 3 weeks after subcutaneous implantation by BMP–collagen-magnet complex. A large of osteogenesis with higher density than BMP–collagen complex was observed (Hematoxylin-eosin staining, ×20). Pathophysiology 2000 7, 107-114DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(00)00036-5)

Fig. 5 Changes in calcium (Ca) content during BMP-induced ectopic bone formation in 4-week, 10-month and 18-month-old rats. Ca content was expressed as mg/g tissue. Day 14 results are mean±S.E.M. of seven observations from three rats; day 21 results in 4-week and 10-month-old rats are mean±S.E.M. of eight observations from three rats; The result in 18-month-old rats represents the mean of two observations from two rats. Data were analyzed by the Student's t-test. *: Ca content in the day 7 explants of all groups and in the day 14 explants of the 18-month-old group was too low to be determined reliably. Pathophysiology 2000 7, 107-114DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(00)00036-5)

Fig. 6 Changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity during BMP-induced ectopic bone formation in 4-week, 10-month and 18-month-old rats. ALP activity was expressed as international units (IU)/g tissue. An international unit was defined as 1 μmol phenol produced per min at 37°C. The results are mean±S.E.M. of eight observations from three rats. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Pathophysiology 2000 7, 107-114DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(00)00036-5)

Fig. 7 On day 21, many blood vessels were present in the central region of the explant in 4-week-old rat, type IV collagen immunostaining ×95. Pathophysiology 2000 7, 107-114DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(00)00036-5)

Fig. 8 On day 21, a small number of blood vessels were present in the central region of the explant in 10-month-old rat, type IV collagen immunostaining ×95. Pathophysiology 2000 7, 107-114DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(00)00036-5)

Fig. 9 On day 21, very few blood vessels were seen in the central region of the explant in 18-month-old rat, type IV collagen immunostaining ×95. Pathophysiology 2000 7, 107-114DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(00)00036-5)