What the heck is going on? Puberty What the heck is going on?

Class Guidelines: Giggling is OK Respect others For further discussions – talk with your parents and avoid “locker room” or “water cooler” conversations If it is on the Internet, it doesn’t mean it is correct information.

What is Puberty? Physical Changes Occur emotional changes occur Boys and Girls become fertile Boys and Girls start to become adults

What does it mean to be fertile? Males start to produce Sperm Cells (Gametes) Females start releasing Egg Cells (Gametes)

The two gametes make a baby

Three major growth spurts Conception to Birth Birth until two or three Puberty

When does puberty start? Main thing to remember – Everyone is different Everyone will start and finish at a different time This is normal Females – 10 – 14 years old Males – 11 – 16 years old

How does Puberty start? The pituitary gland sends a signal to the body in boys and girls to produce the hormone that starts puberty. In Girls: The pituitary gland sends a signal to the ovaries to produce Estrogen. In Boys: The pituitary gland sends a signal to the testicles to produce Testosterone.

How does a male body change? Feet grow Grow taller – bones and muscles Weight gain is normal Loss of baby fat Hair and skin become oily and you may get pimples Body sweats more - odors Hair growth (pubic area, under the armpits, and on the face) May get more hair on arms, legs, chest and back Voice deepens Penis and testicles grow Sperm is produced May have mood swings, sexual thoughts and feelings

Sperm After puberty you make 200,000 - 400,000 sperm cells a day for the rest of your life Sperm build up in tubes around the testicles They travel along some tubes and mix with fluids from glands Sperm (gamete) has 23 Chromosomes

Male Reproductive System Urethra Penis Testes or Testicles Scrotum – The sac of skin which holds the pair of testes. Penis – It is a spongy, muscular organ that becomes enlarged and erect when sexually aroused. It varies in size. Testicles grow first so your penis may look as if it is shrinking. It isn’t. It can take a while for your penis to grow. Penises, like noses and ear and hands, come in all sizes and shapes and colours. They vary how they curve and stick out when erect. Penises, when erect, are more alike in size than when they are soft. They al work. Urethra – The tube through which urine and semen leave the body. Testicles (testes) – The male sex glands which produce sperm and testosterone (a male hormone). Epididymis – A tube on the surface of each testicle which stores and transports sperm to the vas deferens. Vas deferens – A sperm duct which leads from each testicle to the ejaculatory duct. Seminal vesicles – Pair of glands which add a nourishing fluid to the sperm. Prostate gland – Produces a milky fluid which forms part of the semen. Bladder – A bag-shaped organ which holds the urine until it is discharged. Scrotum

Male reproductive system continued Bladder Seminal Vesicle Prostate Gland Urethra Penis Epididymis Testicle or Testes Scrotum – The sac of skin which holds the pair of testes. Penis – It is a spongy, muscular organ that becomes enlarged and erect when sexually aroused. It varies in size. Testicles grow first so your penis may look as if it is shrinking. It isn’t. It can take a while for your penis to grow. Penises, like noses and ear and hands, come in all sizes and shapes and colours. They vary how they curve and stick out when erect. Penises, when erect, are more alike in size than when they are soft. They al work. Urethra – The tube through which urine and semen leave the body. Testicles (testes) – The male sex glands which produce sperm and testosterone (a male hormone). Epididymis – A tube on the surface of each testicle which stores and transports sperm to the vas deferens. Vas deferens – A sperm duct which leads from each testicle to the ejaculatory duct. Seminal vesicles – Pair of glands which add a nourishing fluid to the sperm. Prostate gland – Produces a milky fluid which forms part of the semen. Bladder – A bag-shaped organ which holds the urine until it is discharged. Scrotum

What Is an Erection? A penis gets erect when blood rushes to it. Muscles push the semen into the urethra and out the penis This is called ejaculation

What causes an erection? There are several reasons…which include When a male has to go to the bathroom (especially in the morning) When nervous or anxious By touching their penis Sometimes for no reason during puberty

When Does Ejaculation Happen? In addition to sexual intercourse: If a male wakes up and finds a wet, sticky spot on his sheets or pajamas - semen came out when he was sleeping. This is called a “wet dream”. If a male touches or rubs his erect penis until semen comes out. (This is called masturbation.) Some males have wet dreams – some don’t. Some males masturbate – some don’t.

How does a female body change? Feet grow Grow taller – to include bones and muscles Hips get wider and more curvy Weight gain is normal Lose baby fat Hair and skin become oily and you may get pimples Voice gets a little deeper Hair grows under armpits and in pubic area Hair on arms and legs may grow darker Breast and nipples get larger Body sweats more – and odors Menstruation (period) begins May have mood swings, sexual thoughts and feelings

Female Reproductive System Fallopian Tube Ovaries Uterus Cervix Vagina Ovary – It releases egg cells and produces hormones (estrogen and progesterone). Fallopian Tubes – Tubes leading from the ovary to the top of the uterus, with finger-like projections that surround an ovary. Uterus – Pear-shaped organ which nourishes and holds a developing fetus. It prepares for a pregnancy each month by forming a blood and tissue lining. Uterine Lining – The lining of the uterus which thickens and sheds during the menstrual cycle. Cervix – The narrow inner end of the vagina, which leads to the uterus. Vagina – A muscular tube which expands to fit the penis during intercourse or a baby during birth. Vaginal Opening – The opening to the vagina. Clitoris – a highly sensitive organ above the urinary opening which may provide pleasure in orgasm to females when stimulated. Pubis – A fleshy pad of tissue which is covered with pubic hair. Labia – Fold of skin (inner and outer) which protect the (inner, outer) internal reproduction organs.

Female Reproductive System Continued Fallopian Tube Ovary Uterus Bladder Cervix Clitoris Ovary – It releases egg cells and produces hormones (estrogen and progesterone). Fallopian Tubes – Tubes leading from the ovary to the top of the uterus, with finger-like projections that surround an ovary. Uterus – Pear-shaped organ which nourishes and holds a developing fetus. It prepares for a pregnancy each month by forming a blood and tissue lining. Uterine Lining – The lining of the uterus which thickens and sheds during the menstrual cycle. Cervix – The narrow inner end of the vagina, which leads to the uterus. Vagina – A muscular tube which expands to fit the penis during intercourse or a baby during birth. Vaginal Opening – The opening to the vagina. Clitoris – a highly sensitive organ above the urinary opening which may provide pleasure in orgasm to females when stimulated. Pubis – A fleshy pad of tissue which is covered with pubic hair. Labia – Fold of skin (inner and outer) which protect the (inner, outer) internal reproduction organs. Urethra Rectum Vaginal Opening

What is a period? Females are born with hundreds of thousands of tiny eggs, called ova – one is called an ovum These egg cells are only half formed At puberty, hormones tell the ovaries it is time to start releasing ova Usually one egg at a time develops and is released from an ovary

What is a period continued… At the same time, the uterus starts to grow a thick lining on the inside wall The lining has lots of tiny blood vessels The lining is there to protect and feed a fertilized Egg

What is a period continued… If an egg does not meet a sperm, the lining is not needed and breaks up Mixed with some blood it comes out the uterus into the vagina and then out the vaginal opening This is called menstruation but lots of females just call it their period. If a woman is not pregnant then her ovary will release another egg, the lining build up and, if the egg is not fertilized, she has another period This is called the menstrual cycle

When will a female have a period? No one can tell exactly when it will start – or know when it will start Many females will get some white or yellow stuff on their underwear It is mucus that tells the female that her period is coming sometime within the next year The length of bleeding can vary from 3 – 8 days Blood lost during a period may be a few tablespoons to about half a cup

How often does the menstrual cycle repeat? At first there may not be any pattern when the next period will come Some females never have a regular pattern Most females eventually have a regular cycle – they know approximately when their next period will happen The length of a cycle is from the first day of bleeding one month to the first day of bleeding the next time it happens Each person is different so some females may have a period every 23 days, some every 28 days and some every 35 days

What does a female do when she has her period? Females use pads And/or tampons to catch the blood that comes from the vagina Sanitary pads are made of material that absorbs the blood; Most have a sticky strip on one side to hold the pad to the underwear Pads come in a variety of sizes and shapes A tampon is a small plug of material that fits inside the female’s vagina to absorb the blood Some females like to use tampons, especially if they are doing physical activities

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