World War II The Impact of Total War.

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Presentation transcript:

World War II The Impact of Total War

Economic Damage: Western Europe Impact of Strategic Bombing 75% of Berlin Uninhabitable 20 million homeless in Germany Dutch lose 219,000 hectares of land French lose 40% of pre-war transportation systems Norway lost 14% pre-war capital Dresden After Allied Bombing

The Human Cost 36½ million Europeans die! Deadliest and Most Destructive Conflict in Human History

Military Deaths COUNTRY MILITARY DEATHS USSR 8.6 million Germany Italy 400,000 Rumania 300,000 D-Day Invasion

Civilian Deaths COUNTRY CIVILIAN DEATHS USSR 16 million Poland Yugoslavia 1.4 million Greece 430,000 France 350,000 Hungary 270,000 Netherlands 204,000 Rumania 200,000 ALL EUROPE 19 million Civilian Deaths

Eastern Europe Soviet troops physically occupied E. Europe at end of WWII. USSR viewed E. Europe as essential to its security… It wanted a sphere of influence.

Potsdam July 17-August 2, 1945 Agreement to prosecute Axis war criminals (Nuremberg Trials) Temporary division of Germany into 4 zones German question to be decided at final peace conference, which never occurs. Atlee Truman Stalin (GB) (USA) (USSR)

Divided by Default US came to favor a unified Germany w/ reconstructed economy. USSR still saw a restored Germany as a major threat. Britain, France, USA merged zones to form West Germany (May, 1949). USSR established East Germany as a satellite state (Oct. 1949). Divided Berlin East Germany West Germany

The Nuremburg Trials (1946) First known war crimes trial. No clear legal precedent. Most suspects claimed the court had no jurisdiction… Claimed it was “victor’s justice” In all, about 1800 Germans tried after WWII Similar trials were held in Japan & Italy

Truman Addresses the UN Conference (1945) The United Nations Truman Addresses the UN Conference (1945) UN founded Oct. 1945 Security Council Five permanent members w/ vetoes: United States, Great Britain, France, USSR & China