Civilization in South East Asia

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Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade

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Civilization in South East Asia Chapter 8 Section 5

The Formation of States Southeast Asia is divided into 2 parts, the first half is connected to mainland Asia and extends to the Malay Peninsula. The second half is an archipelago , or island chain that includes the modern day island nations of Indonesia & the Philippines. Due to numerous natural boundaries such as rigid mountains and dense forests help explain why this region was never unified under a single government structure like the rest of Asia.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam Although the terrain made it difficult for civilizations to arise in this area, one was eventually formed by the Vietnamese, a distinct ethnic group from other Asian societies. After over 100 years of warfare with the Chinese, Vietnam eventually came under Chinese control in 111 B.C.E. . The Vietnamese developed their own cultural identity which they were able to maintain despite the pressure from the Chinese to assimilate these people in every way including language, government system , style of dress and also the extreme form of patriarchy we’ve seen in China.

Angkor In present day Cambodia a kingdom developed known as the Angkor Kingdom. This kingdom was brought together by Jaya- varman united the Khmer people. Angkor came in eventual came into conflict with the Pagan kingdom made up of Ethnic Thais. Angkor was eventually defeated by Thais.

Thailand & Burma (Myanmar) Ethnic Thai’s were on the periphery of China and began a mass migration into Southeast Asia following the arrival of the Mongols in China. As they came into Southeast Asia they came into conflict with Angkor eventually defeating them and establishing a new capital in what today is modern Cambodia. As the Thai’s settles they came into contact with Buddhism and Hinduism which helped create a unique Asian identity. The Burmese, a pastoral group of people to the west of the Thai’s settles in SE Asia from the Tibet region of Asia. The group was successful in settling into farming communities and continued up until the arrival of the Mongols.

The Malay World The Malay world includes the Malay peninsula and the archipelago island Chain. Centrally located in the Indian ocean trade network, this area was able to gain wealth . Due to their connection to trade, Islam eventually had a presence in this part of Asia. Islam probably had the greatest impact on this area than any other area in Asia. Eventually the entire population converted to Islam and a Sultanate was created known as the sultanate of Malaka.

Life in SE Asia States in SE Asia can be divide into 2 groups agriculture societies and Trading societies. Agricultural Societies – Based around farming and agriculture. The societies were able to produce everything the needed to maintain their lifestyle. Not a wealthy society. Trading Societies – Centered around trade, most of the societies were located around port cities. Though they participated in terrestrial trade, In SE Asia the main form of trading was maritime trading.