¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË

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¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË lecture-12 ¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË Микро эдийн засаг

¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË ÕªÄªË̪ÐÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË Íýã õóâüñàã÷òàé áàéõ íºõöºë äýõ íººöèéí ýðýëò ¯éëäâýðëýëèéí íººöèéí ýðýëòèéí ìóðóé äîîøîî ÷èãëýñýí áàéíà. (á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íèé ýðýëòèéí ìóðóéòàé íýãýí àäèë) Õýðýãëýã÷äèéí á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿í áà ¿éë÷èëãýýíèé ýðýëòýýñ ÿëãàãäàõ ÿëãàà íü ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí íººöèéí ýðýëò íü (æèø íü. Õºäºëìºðèéí ýðýëò) ¿éëäâýðèéí ýðýëò áàéíà. Ó÷èð íü ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí òîî õýìæýýíýýñ áà íººöèéí çàðäëààñ (öàëèíãèéí õýìæýýíýýñ) õàìààðíà. Áèä ôèðì íü õºäºëìºð áà êàïèòàë ãýñýí õî¸ð íººöèéã àøèãëàæ á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿í ¿éëäâýðëýíý ãýæ ¿çýýä : Êàïèòàëûã – Ê Õºäºëìºðèéã – L Êàïèòàëûí ò¿ðýýñèéí òºëáºð – r Öàëèíãèéí òàðèôò õýìæýý – w ãýæ ¿çüå. Микро эдийн засаг lecture-12

¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË Ôèðì íü òîäîðõîé õýìæýýíèé àæèëëàã÷äûã àâñàí áà íýìýëò íýã àæèë÷èí àâàõ õýðýãöýýòýé ýñýõýý øèéäýõ õýðýãòýé áîëæýý. Ãýâ÷ àõèóö îðëîãî íü öàëèíãèéí çàðäëûí àõèóö õýìæýýíýýñ èõ áàéãàà òîõèîëäîëä л ýíý íü ó÷èð óòãàòàé áàéíà. Íýìýëò íýãæ õºäºëìºðººñ áèé áîëæ áàéãàà îðëîãûí õýìæýýã õºäºëìºðèéí àõèóö îðëîãî ãýæ íýðëýýä MRPL ãýæ òýìäýãëýíý. MRPL – èéã ÿàæ õýìæèõ âý? Ýíý íü íýìýãäýë íýãæ õºäºëìºð àøèãëàñíààð áèé áîëîõ á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íèé ãàðöûí õýìæýýã, íýìýãäýë íýãæ á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íýýñ áèé áîëîõ íýìýãäýë îðëîãûí õýìæýýãýýð ¿ðæ¿¿ëñýíòýé òýíö¿¿. ¯éëäâýðëýëèéí íýìýãäýë õýìæýý íü àõèóö á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íýýð - MPL , íýìýãäýë îðëîãûã – MR ãýâýë: Микро эдийн засаг lecture-12

¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË Ýíý òýíöýòãýë íü á¿õ ë ºðñºë人íò íººöèéí çàõ çýýëèéí õóâüä áèåëýãäýíý. Òºãñ ºðñºë人íò çàõ çýýë äýýð áýëýí á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íýý Ð ãýñýí çàõ çýýëèéí ¿íýýð áîðëóóëäàã. Öàãèéí õºëñ Б¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íèé ºðñºë人íò çàõ çýýë MRPL = (MPL ) (Ð ) ìîíîïîëü çàõ çýýë MRPL = (MPL ) (MR ) Зураг 12.1 Бүтээгдэхүүний ахиуц орлого Àæèëëàõ öàã Микро эдийн засаг lecture-12

¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË Äýýäõè ìóðóéí õóâüä õºäºëìºðèéí öàã t íýìýãäýõ òóтàì õºäºëìºðèéí àõèóö á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íèé õýìæýý (àøãèéí áóóðàõ õóóëèéí äàãóó) áóóð÷ áàéíà. ¯íý ººð÷ëºã人ã¿é áàéãàà õýäèé ÷ õºäºëìºðèéí àõèóö îðëîãûí ìóðóé óðóóäñàí áàéíà. Ýíäýýñ ôèðì íü àøãàà õàìãèéí èõ áàéëãàõûí òóëä óðüä àøèãëàñàí íýãæ íü íèéò çàðäëûã áóñ, õàðèí íèéò îðëîãûã ºñãºæ áàéõ õ¿ðòýë òóõàéí íººöèéí äàðààãèéí íýìýãäýë íýãæèéã àøèãëàæ áàéõ ¸ñòîé. Äîîðõ ìóðóéí õóâüä ôèðì íü ìîíîïîëü ýðõòýé áºãººä áîðëóóëàëòûíõàà õýìæýýã èõýñãýõèéí òóëä á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íèéõýý ¿íèéã áóóðóóëæ áîëíî. ¯¿íèé ä¿íä àõèóö îðëîãî íü ¿ðãýëæ ¿íýýñ äîîãóóð áàéíà. (MR < P ) Èéìýýñ àõèóö îðëîãî íü á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íèé ãàðö íýìýãäýõ òóñàì áóóð÷ áàéäàã. Á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íèé çàõ çýýë äýýð àõèóö çàðäàë íü àõèóö îðëîãîòîéãîî òýíö¿¿ áàéäãûí íýãýí àäèë íººöèéí çàõ çýýë äýýð áàéíà. Микро эдийн засаг lecture-12

¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË MRPL íü íººöèéí ýðýëòèéí ìóðóéã ¿ç¿¿ëäýã. Ôèðì íü ºðñºë人íèé íºõöºëä àæèëëàäàã áîë öàëèí õºëñíèé õýìæýý w - íü MRPL - òýé òýíö¿¿ áàéõ õ¿ðòýë àæèë÷èí õºëñºëæ àâ÷ áîëíî ãýäãýýñ MRPL ãðàôèêèéí öýã á¿ð ôèðìèéí öàëèí õºëñíèé ò¿âøèí á¿ðò àâàõ áîëîìæòîé àæèë÷äûí òîîã õàðóóëíà. Ýíäýýñ õºäºëìºðèéí ýðýëòèéí ãðàôèê ãàð÷ èðíý. Õºäºëìºðèéí ºðòºã w* MRPL = DL Çóðàã 12.2 Õýäýëìºðèéí ýðýëòèéí ãðàôèê Õºäºëìºðèéí òîî, õýìæýý Микро эдийн засаг lecture-12

¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË ªÐѪËĪªÍÒ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝËÈÉÍ ¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÒÝÍÖÂÝÐ ªðñºë人íò çàõ çýýë äýýð òýíöâýðæèëò áèé áîëíî ãýäýã íü ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí íèéë¿¿ëýëòèéí õýìæýý íü ýðýëòèéí õýìæýýòýé òýíöýæ áàéõ ¿åèéí ¿íý á¿ðýëäýõ àñóóäàë þì. Äàðààõè çóðàãò õºäºëìºðèéí çàõ çýýë äýýðõ èéì òýíöâýðæèëòèéã ¿ç¿¿ëæýý. Á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íиé ºðñºë人íò çàõ çýýë öàëèí SL= AE DL = MRPL Lc àæèë÷èäûí òîî Wc A Микро эдийн засаг lecture-12

¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË öàëèí SL= AE DL = MRPL Lc àæèë÷èäûí òîî Wc A Here comes your footer  Page 8

¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË ªðñºë人íèé íºõöºëä áèäíèé çàãâàðààð á¿õ àæèë÷èä àäèë õýìæýýíèé öàëèí àâàõ áà òýäíèé àõèóö îðëîãûí õýìæýý ìºí àäèë áàéíà. Õýðýâ á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íèé çàõ çýýë òºãñ ºðñºë人íòýé ãýæ ¿çâýë ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí íººöèéí ýðýëòèéí ìóðóé íü ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãààíä àøèãëàæ áóé íýìýëò íýãæ íººöººñ àâàõ àøãèéã õàðóóëíà. Õàðèí öàëèí õºëñíèé õýìæýý íü íýìýëò íýãæ ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí íººöèéã àøèãëàñíààð áèé áîëîõ çàðäëûã õàðóóëíà. Èéíõ¿¿ çóðàã äýýðõ À öýã íü àæèë÷íû íýã öàãèéí õºäºëìºðèéí àõèóö îðëîãî íü àõèóö çàðäàëòàé òýíö¿¿ áîëîõûã èëýðõèéëæ áàéíà. ̺í áèäíèé ºìíº ¿çñýí - òýãøèòãýë íü õºäºëìºðèéí ºðñºë人íò çàõ çýýëèéí ìåõàíèçìèéí ¿ð àøèãòàé áàéõ çàéëøã¿é íºõöºëèéã á¿ðä¿¿ëíý. ¯¿íèéã íýìýãäýë íýãæ õºäºëìºðèéã àøèãëàñíààð áèé áîëîõ íýìýãäýë îðëîãî íü íýìýãäýë íýãæ á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íèé ãàðöààñ àâàõ íèéãìèéí àøèãòàé òýíö¿¿ ãýæ îéëãîæ áîëîõ þì. Õýðýâ á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íèé çàõ çýýë íü òºãñ ºðñºë人íò áóñ áóþó ººðººð õýëáýë: íºõöºë õàíãàãäàõã¿é íºõöºëä – ìóðóé íü – ìóðóéãààñ äýýã¿¿ð îðøèíî. (Çóðàã12.1 ) Á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íèé ìîíîïîëü çàõ çýýë Микро эдийн засаг lecture-12

¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË öàëèí SL= AE VM WM  MPL*Ð DL = MRPL LM àæèë÷èäûí òîî Микро эдийн засаг lecture-12

¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË Â öýã íü òýíöâýðò õºäºëìºðèéí íèéë¿¿ëýëò LM , òýíöâýðò öàëèí WM – ã õàðóóëæ áàéíà. – íü õýðýãëýã÷èä íýìýëò íýãæ õºäºëìºðèéí çàðäëààñ àâàõ õýìæèãäõ¿¿í þì. ¯¿íýýñ ¿íäýñëýí LM – òîîíû àæèë÷èäòàé áàéõ òîõèîëäîëä ï¿¿ñèéí àõèóö çàðäàë WM – íü íèéãìèéí àõèóö îðëîãî VM – ýýñ áàãà áàéíà. Á. ÌÎÍÎÏÑÎÍÈ ÍªÕÖªË ÄÝÕ ÍªªÖÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË Çàðèì íººöèéí çàõ çýýë äýýð ÿìàð íýã õóäàëäàí àâàã÷ íü ìîíîïñîíè õýëáýðèéã àãóóëæ áàéõ áºãººä ýíý íü ¿íýä íºëººëæ ÷àääàã ãýäãýýð èëýðíý. Æèø íü. Àâòîìàøèíû ¿éëäâýð¿¿ä íü ìîíîïñîíè øèíæèéã àãóóëäàã. “Ôîðä” , “Êðàéñëåð” çýðýã êîìïàíèóä íü ðàäèàòîð, äóãóé çýðýã ñýëáýãèéí çàõ çýýëä ìîíîïñîíè øèíæòýé áàéíà. ÀÕÈÓÖ ÁÀ ÄÓÍÄÀÆ ÇÀÐÄÀË ªðñºë人íò çàõ çýýë äýýðõ ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí íººöèéí àõèóö áà äóíäàæ çàðäëûí ìóðóéíóóä äàâõöàæ áàéäàã. Õàðèí ôèðì íü ìîíîïñîíèñò áàéâàë àõèóö áà äóíäàæ çàðäàë íü ÿëãààòàé áàéíà. Микро эдийн засаг lecture-12

¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË Aøèãëàãäàæ áàéãàà íýãæ íººöèéí ¿íý àõèóö çàðäàë SL=äóíäàæ çàðäàë Wc c W* D=MRPL L* Lc Àøèãëàãäàæ áàéãàà íººöèéí òîî øèðõýã Микро эдийн засаг lecture-12

¯ÉËÄÂÝÐËÝËÈÉÍ Õ¯×ÈÍ Ç¯ÉËÑÈÉÍ ÇÀÕ ÇÝÝË Íººöèéí íèéë¿¿ëýëòèéí ìóðóé (ìîíîïñîíèñòèéí) çàõ çýýëèéí íèéë¿¿ëýëòèéí ìóðóéòàé äàâõöàíà. Ìîíîïñîíèñò íü íýãæ á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿íä àäèë õýìæýýíèé ¿íý òºëäºã òóë íèéë¿¿ëýëò áà äóíäàæ çàðäëûí ìóðóéíóóä íü äàâõöàíà. Äóíäàæ çàðäëûí ìóðóé íü äýýø ÷èãëýñýí áàéíà. Ôèðì íü íººöèéã ÿìàð õýìæýýãýýð õóäàëäàí àâàõ ¸ñòîé âý? Àõèóö îðëîãî áà àõèóö çàðäàë òýíö¿¿ áîëîõ ¿åèéã õ¿ðòýë íººöºº íýìýãä¿¿ëæ áîëíî.   ÊÀÏÈÒÀË ÍªªÖ Микро эдийн засаг lecture-12

Анхаарал тавьсанд баярлалаа Микро эдийн засаг End of lecture – 12