Colonial Life in America
English Civil War / Glorious Revolution 1640’s, England developed a Civil War over the power of the crown and Parliament Paid little attention to colonies. King Charles I vs. Parliament Parliament: feel the king has too much authority in passing taxes etc. King Charles I is overthrown and beheaded, replaced by Oliver Cromwell Due to lack of stability, Parliament invites Charles II to be the new king in 1660.
Elimination of Dutch Influence 1664, England wanted to eliminate Dutch trade competition in America. Captured New Netherlands and renamed it New York after James, the Duke of York. James II became king and took control of New England Colonies and renamed it the Dominion of New England
Glorious Revolution 1689, Parliament invited James II daughter Mary and Husband William to overthrow the King. Sets up protestant Kings in Europe / Anglican Church James II abdicates the thrown. Queen Mary and King William Restore charters of New England Colonies English Bill of Rights Guarantees basic rights documented for English Citizens. From Magna Carta Habeas Corpus
Puritans and Quakers Puritans Quakers New England Colonies, Mass. Did not get along with Natives, constantly at “war” Praying towns – conversion of Natives Take land from Natives Very strict and formal Life structure centered around the church Ministers were community leaders / politicians. Strict interpretation of Bible John Winthrop Quakers Middle Colonies, Penn. Pacifists. Friendly relations with Natives Purchased land from Natives No formal ministers. Speak as spirit moves you. Plain and ordinary dress in “church” Religious toleration of Natives William Penn
Salem Witch Trials 1692, Salem, Massachusetts Young girls, under the influence of Titchuba (a pastors slave) begin misbehaving and accusing “trouble makers” as witches. People begin to get sick and cattle die, townspeople talk of evil doings. Evil had to be done away with Neighbors begin accusing each other to “settle a score” By 1692 19 victims were tried and executed as being suspected as witches. Stopped when accusations reached prominent families and the Governors wife.
Puritan Rebels Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson Puritan Minister Founded Rhode Island / Providence for religious freedom and toleration Banished from Mass. For undermining the church. John Winthrop (Gov.) allowed him to slip away. Anne Hutchinson Woman Held services in home Spirit is within you Follow the word of God, not the word of the “Church” Banished, fled to Rhode Island Widowed, mother of 12.
Native American Conflict Pequot War 1630’s New England was trading furs with Pequot's, and in competition with French Control of the trade became a struggle Spread of English territories and land. Puritans accused Pequots of murdering an English trader, denied. Puritans allied themselves with Narragansett and Mohegan (enemies of Pequot) Attacked Pequot village and Pequots retaliated. Extremely brutal and violent Treaty of Hartford ends conflict Pequots are eleminated
King Phillip’s War Metacom aka King Phillip 1675, rebellion of several Indian Tribes Acquired guns from European traders, ran out of ammunition. Crops and fields destroyed by colonists, food supply started running out. Metacom killed by “praying” Indian during battle 1,000 English, 3,000 Indians dead Southern New England now is controlled by English.
Slave Trade Middle Passage Slavery in South Describes the horrific conditions of the journey from Africa to the America’s Slavery in South Jamestown, VA around 1607 Sparse population lead to the need of more laborers. 1st indentured servants About 1,500,000 slaves imported during the 1700’s.
Enlightenment vs. Great Awakening Scientific reasoning Science will and does explain natural occurrences Everything has a reason of why and how. Benjamin Franklin Inventor, scientist, philosopher, Quaker background Great Awakening Puritan revival Repent of your sins Refocus on faith Enlightenment was blasphemous Jonathan Edwards Hell, Fire, and Brimstone sermons, “In the Hands of an Angry God”