France’s Ultimate Monarch

Religious wars in France When were they? Who was involved? Why were they occurring? Between 1562 and 1598 8 civil wars Catholics and Protestants French Protestants are known as Huguenots Immense hostility between Catholics and Protestants in France Queen Catherine de Medici’s daughter marrying Henry of Navarre- Huguenot prince Causes large group of Huguenots in Paris Upsets Catholic population

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre What was it? When was it? Massacre of Huguenots in France by Catholics Huguenots attending wedding of Queen de Medici’s daughter to Henry of Navarre Huguenot nobles dragged into streets and killed. Spreads to other cities 10,000-100,000 killed over several weeks Henry survives 6 weeks in 1572

King Henry IV Who was King Henry IV? When did he rule? Prince Henry of Navarre marries Queen Catherine de Medici’s daughter. 1st king of Bourbon dynasty Becomes Catholic to rule Decisive, fearless and clever 1598-1610 Stabbed to death

King Henry IV What did he do? What is the Edict of Worms? Declares peaceful living for Huguenots Devoted reign to rebuilding France Was hated for religious compromises Edict of Worms- declaration of religious toleration revoked in 1685 by Louis XIV 200,000 to 500,000 Protestants emigrated from France to other European countries, taking their talents with them.

Cardinal Richelieu Who was he? When did he come into “power”? What did he do while he has power? Was a hard-working leader of the Catholic Church Became “leader” of France in Louis XIV’s place until he was old enough to rule. 1624 Moved against Huguenots. Protestant cities could not have walls Weakened noble power Involved France in Thirty Years War

Louis XIV When did he rule? What does “L’etat, c’est moi” mean? What was he known as? Became king in 1643 at 5 years old Takes control in 1661 at 21 years old “I am the state.” The sun king, or le Roi-Soleil.

Louis XIV What did he accomplish? Who was Jean Baptiste Colbert? Most powerful king in French history Ruled 72 years Weakened power of nobles Increased power of intendants Those who collected taxes and administered justice Dedicated to helping France attain economic, political, and cultural brilliance Minister of finance Made France self-sufficient Gov’t funds & tax breaks to French company's High tariffs on goods from other countries Encouraged migration to colonies

Versailles Took entire life to finish 1st remodel 36,000 laborers; 6,000 horses 700 rooms 2,000 windows 67 staircases 19,800 acres of grounds 2 wings, each 450 feet long Main building- 1500 feet long Gardens: 20 years to perfect 15,000 acres 300 statues 1,400 fountains and waterfalls (607 remain today) 6.2 million liters of water an hour To keep from wasting water, fountains were turned on as Louis walked by them. 3,000 princes, courtiers, ministers and servants lived there full time.