The Columbian Exchange Global Trade Chapter 4.4

The Columbian Exchange Meaning the global transfer of foods, plants and animals. Among the items brought to Europe included corn, tomatoes, turkey, squash and peanuts Among the items brought to the Americas were horse, pigs, sheep, banana and coffee beans.

Negative aspects of the exchange Slaves were uses as part of the transfer from Africa. Disease such as small pox, influenza, typhus and malaria and measles killed millions of natives.

Capitalism An economic system based on competition, private ownership and investment. This system grew during the 1600’s and led to an increase of money in circulation and inflation. Inflation-a loss in the value of currency.

Joint Stock companies With the rise of colonies, this system emerged. People combine wealth in an effort to make and share a profit. (stock market) Some colonies faltered and stock holders lost money.

Mercantilism An economic practice from 1600’s-1800’s where countries tried to acquire more gold in an effort to become more powerful. Favorable balance of trade- when a nation exports more than it imports. Self sufficiency- not depending on other nations for goods. (decrease of imports) -In order for mercantilism to work, countries -depended on strong navies as well as raw materials from the colonies.

Mercantilism in Action

Impacts of mercantilism -Merchants with new wealth emerged in cities. (rising upper class) -Towns grew into cities (Italy), urbanization expanded. -European poor became even more impoverished. (rising lower class) -National identities emerged

Impacts of Slavery Africa lost generations of people, many who would have contributed to the continent. Guns were introduced to Africa and war would become more common. Art, religion and culture would become a part of the new world’s societies. Mixed race populations would emerge The America’s would become developed.